Chapter 13

Question 1

Given our knowledge of genome sizes in different organisms, would you predict that Homo sapiens or the two-toed salamander (Amphiuma means) has the larger genome?

Answer 1

you can not tell, you can not predict size from genomes

Question 2

What is polyploidy?

Answer 2

possessing more than two complete sets of chromosomes, mainly in plants

Question 3

Organisms that have been modified to contain DNA from other species are known as:

Answer 3

transgenic organisms

Question 4

The type of genetic engineering that often involves isolating genes from one species and introducing them into another is called _____ technology.

Answer 4

recombinant DNA

Question 5

Whole genome sequencing is often approached by a shotgun sequencing technique in which large genomes are:

Answer 5

randomly digested, short fragments are sequenced, and the overlapping sequences are assembled in order

Question 6

In recombinant DNA experiments, ______ is used to cut pieces of DNA, and ______ joins these segments.

Answer 6

a restriction enzyme; DNA ligase

Question 7

What sequences are longer repeated sequences or sequences obtained by automated sequencing

Answer 7

repeated sequencing

Question 8

Restriction enzymes recognize certain DNA sequences and some of them will cut straight through, and others will leave an overhang at both ends of the cut.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The extrachromosomal DNA often found in bacteria is called a:

Answer 9

plasmid

Question 10

What is the difference between PCR and Sanger sequencing with regard to the materials needed to perform these reactions?

Answer 10

Dideoxynucleotides are needed in Sanger sequencing but not in PCR.

Question 11

In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments migrate toward the negative pole of the electric field.

Answer 11

False, they move towards the positive end

Question 12

A Southern blot is a technique that relies on hybridization of:

Answer 12

a nucleic acid probe to a complementary DNA.

Question 13

Where is PCR used?

Answer 13

The lab

Question 14

Are there more molecules of DNA in the 22 kb band or the 4 kb band on the gel?

Answer 14

Both bands have the same number

Question 15

Which DNA band on the gel has a higher intensity of fluorescence, the 22 kb band or the 4 kb band?

Answer 15

22 kb

Question 16

Where do restriction enzymes come from

Answer 16

bacteria

Question 17

Would the removal of DNA ligase from the DNA replication process block the process of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What is a vector

Answer 18

DNA that can carry another DNA of interest and be maintained in bacteria

Question 19

What is a plasmid

Answer 19

A small circular DNA that naturally occurs in bacteria; it is not essential and is separate from the bacterial genome (extra chromosomal)

Question 20

The recombinant DNA molecule is introduced into a bacterial cell by means of?

Answer 20

Transformation (add artificial DNA to bacterial)

Question 21

GMOs are known as ________ organisms because they contain ______ introduced or manipulated DNA known as _________ DNA

Answer 21

transgenic, artificially, transgenic

Question 22

What is CRISPR

Answer 22

DNA editing on living organisms.

Question 23

Genome

Answer 23

The genetic material of an organism, organelle, or virus that is transmitted to the next generation

Question 24

Genome sequence information is used to identify:

Answer 24

open reading frames or coding regions
Regulatory sequences
RNA genes
Other noncoding sequences

Question 25

Why is only 3% of the human genome encodes for proteins

Answer 25

More intron sequence than things that actually code for proteins

Question 26

Single-copy genes are _____ repeated

Answer 26

not

Question 27

Tandem Repeat

Answer 27

a sequence of two or more DNA bases that is repeated numerous times in a head-to-tail manner on a chromosome.

Question 28

Dispersed repeat

Answer 28

segments of DNA that occur multiple times at more or less random positions in the genome.

Question 29

Single-Sequence repeat

Answer 29

DNA tracts in which a short base-pair motif is repeated several to many times in tandem

Question 30

Highly repetitive DNA sequences usually has a very short repeating sequence:

Answer 30

no coding function major constituent of centromeric DNA telomeres

Question 31

Highly repetitive DNA sequences are often referred to as ________ DNA because of its physical properties

Answer 31

satellite

Question 32

Moderately repetitive sequences code for:

Answer 32

tRNA and rRNA

Question 33

What are transposons

Answer 33

a segment of bacterial DNA that can be translocated as a whole between things

Question 34

Histones are ________ charged because DNA is ________ charged from its phosphates

Answer 34

positive, negative

Question 35

Packaging by histones results in the formation of bead-like?

Answer 35

nucleosomes

Question 36

What are identifiable sequences in the genome?

Answer 36

Sequence Motif

Question 37

Sequence Motif defintion

Answer 37

A telltale sequence that indicates what type it is

Question 38

What is an example of a sequence motif

Answer 38

Open reading frame, pin hair loops, transcription factors

Question 39

Introns and Exons can be determined by:

Answer 39

comparing genome and mRNA sequences

Question 40

Do eukaryotes have introns and gene families

Answer 40

No

Question 41

What are gene families

Answer 41

Groups of structurally and functionally related genes

Question 42

Duplicated genes provide material for ________

Answer 42

evolution