Chapter 15 and 16 Flashcards
What is a test cross? Who discovered it?
an experimental cross with a homozygous recessive genotype
Gregor Mendel
What is epistasis
a circumstance where the expression of one gene is modified by the expression of other genes
Penetrance
the likelihood that a clinical condition will occur when a particular genotype is present
Blending Inheritance
the expression in offspring of phenotypic characters intermediates between those of the parents.
What does monohybrid mean
One characteristic, combined two traits
What is the particulate theory
Heritable units were discrete particles (genes)
What is the law of segregation
each individual carries two alleles, which separate equally when an individual makes gametes
What is the law of independent assortment
Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation
What are two assumptions about inheritance
Each parent contributes equally
Hereditary determinants can blend
What is the difference between a character trait and a heritable trait?
Character trait - Characteristic of an individual
Heritable Trait - passed from parent to offspring
What is true breeding
observed trait that is the only one present for many generations (pure bred dogs)
Pleiotropy refers to:
a single gene having multiple effects
What is an autosome
Non sex chromosomes
Nondisjunction in meiosis
Homologous chromosomes fail to separate I
Chromatids Fail to separate II
Results in Aneuploidy
Aneuploidy vs Polyploidy
Aneuploidy - single extra or less chromosome
Polyploidy - extra set of chromosomes
