Chapter 1 and 2

Question 1

scientific method

Answer 1

Background, observation, hypothesis, prediction, conclusion

Question 2

evolution

Answer 2

natural selection, darwinism, survival of the fittest

Question 3

atom

Answer 3

composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 4

element

Answer 4

substance that can’t be broken down

Question 5

atomic number

Answer 5

the protons in an element

Question 6

atomic mass

Answer 6

protons + neutrons

Question 7

isotope

Answer 7

different forms of the same element with different amounts of neutrons

Question 8

covalent bond

Answer 8

sharing of electrons

Question 9

polar covalent

Answer 9

unequal sharing of electrons

Question 10

non polar covalent

Answer 10

almost equal sharing of electrons

Question 11

ionic bond

Answer 11

linkage from electrostatic attraction of electrons

Question 12

Hydrogen bond

Answer 12

dipole-dipole interactions; attraction between H and either F,O,N

Question 13

Van der Waals Attraction

Answer 13

weak attraction caused by dipole movement

Question 14

Electron Shells

Answer 14

8 shells = full; chemically inert is most stable

Question 15

protein structure

Answer 15

central carbon, r group, carboxyl group, amino group, hydrogen

Question 16

Nucleic Acid Structure

Answer 16

nitrogenous base, 5 carbon structure, phosphate group

Question 17

Carbohydrate structure

Answer 17

long carbon chains with hydrogens and hydroxyls

Question 18

lipid structure

Answer 18

glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acid tails, phosphate group

Question 19

buffer

Answer 19

substance that has a constant pH over a given range by neutralizing H ions

Question 20

Mole

Answer 20

standard for measuring large quantities of elements

Question 21

Molecular Weight

Answer 21

M = g / mol

Question 22

molarity

Answer 22

mol / L

Question 23

What determines how radioactive atoms are?

Answer 23

the number of electrons in the outermost shell