Chapter 5 Flashcards
What can diffuse through a membrane?
Hydrophobic molecules, gases, small polar but uncharged molecules, lipids
Active vs passive transport
Active uses energy
Passive does not need energy
Protein Transport
Proteins are transported in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus,
They can be sent to the lysosomes, plasma membrane, or secreted
The general structure of membranes is known as the
fluid mosaic model
Is it common or uncommon for micelles to occur in a phospholipid structure
Rare, they are single layer instead of bilayer
Liposomes are called the ______ in the cell
vesicle
True or False: Cells can regulate their temperature
False
What is FRAP
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
What two things gives membrane fluidity
saturated vs unsaturated, fatty acid tail lengths
Diffusion Rate depends on what 4 things
Diameter, Temperature, Electrical charges, Concentration Gradient
What are the three points of cell theory?
Cell is the most basic unit of life
Everything is made up of cells
Cells come from pre-existing cells
What is amphipathic
Hydrophobic and hydrophilic
What makes up 30% of membranes and affects their fluidity?
Cholesterol
Cell membranes have carbohydrates. What can these carbs be attached to? What are they called? What is their use?
Proteins –> Glycoproteins
Lipids –> Glycolipids
They are receptors or recognition sites
Where are integral membrane proteins found? Peripheral?
Integral are apart of the transmembrane
Peripheral are on the surface or attached to other proteins on the membrane
What two things anchor membrane proteins?
Parts of the cytoskeleton and lipid rafts
Types of passive transport? Does this require ATP?
Facilitated and simple diffusion
No ATP
Simple Diffusion vs Facilitated Diffusion
Simple - no help
Facilitated - channel proteins, carrier proteins
Ligand gated vs voltage gated
Ligand - need molecule to bind
Voltage - need electrical charge to open
Types of active transport?
Primary - use ATP directly
Secondary - indirect use of ATP (last speed skater)
Why are cells small?
So they have a larger surface area to volume ratio
How does a sodium-potassium pump work?
It is a primary transport, integral membrane glycoprotein
3 Na ions out, 2 K ions in
Naaaa get OUT, K come IN
Simple Diffusion: Energy needed? Driving Force? Membrane Protein? Specificty?
No, concentration gradient, No, No
Diffusion through channel: Energy needed? Driving Force? Membrane Protein? Specificty?
No, concentration gradient, Yes, Yes
Carrier mediated diffusion: Energy needed? Driving Force? Membrane Protein? Specificty?
No, concentration gradient, Yes, Yes
Active Transport: Energy needed? Driving Force? Membrane Protein? Specificty?
Yes, ATP hydrolysis, Yes, Yes
Can steroids pass through a cell membrane
yes
During osmosis water flows from a region of ____ solute concentration to a region of ______ solute concentration
low, high
What is microscopy
break up, isolate, find what is up with organelle
What is an autophagy?
worn out / damaged cellular component
