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Air Law > Chapter 6 Instrument Approach Procedures > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Instrument Approach Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important factor surrounding the design of an aerodrome?

A

Terrain

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2
Q

What is the Vat for category A, B, C, D and E aircraft?

A 
A = less than 91
B = 91-120
C = 121-140
D = 141-165
E = 165+
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3
Q

What are the categories of aircraft based upon?

A

Based on Vat (1.23Vs1g or 1.3Vso)

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4
Q

What is the radius of MSA?

A

25nm from the nav aid sevicing the approach

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5
Q

What is the guaranteed obstacle clearance when flying at MSA?

A

300m

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6
Q

When can you fly below MSA?

A
  • aerodrome is visible
  • aircraft is being radar vectored
  • aircraft is flying a published procedure
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7
Q

What is a NDBL?

A

NDB locator (low powered NDB)

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8
Q

Which type of approach has a DH?

A

Precision approach

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9
Q

Which type of approach has MDA?

A

Non-precision approach

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10
Q

Does a precision approach require distance measuring?

A

Doesn’t have to but can do

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11
Q

What is the expected accuracy of the pilot on a precision approach?

A

Pilots expected to within half of a scale deflection of the CDI

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12
Q

What is the minimum DH for each category of ILS?

A 
1 = 200ft
2 = 100ft
3A = none
3B = none
3C = none
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13
Q

What must be done if the glideslope is lost?

A
  • it becomes a non precision approach

- carry out a missed approach or if you have time descend to LOC only minimum

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14
Q

If a missed approach is executed before MDA what must be done and why?

A

Must pass over missed approach point because missed approach procedure starts at the missed approach procedure

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15
Q

Who sets the MDA/DH and what does it depend on?

A

Operator and depends on category of a/c (can be more restrictive than OCH/OCA but not less)

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16
Q

What is the OCH/OCA and who sets it?

A

The minimum level for MDA/DH and is set by the state

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17
Q

Is a visual approach part of an instrument approach?

A

Yes (it’s finishing an instrument approach visually)

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18
Q

Who provides separation on a visual approach?

A

ATC

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19
Q

How many segments are on an instrument approach?

A

5

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20
Q

What are the 5 segments of an instrument approach?

A 
1 = arrival
2 = initial approach
3 = intermediate approach
4 = final approach
5 = missed approach
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21
Q

Define a straight-in approach

A
  • non precision = where FAT is less than 30 degrees of runway heading
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22
Q

When are you established on an NDB?

A

Within 5 degrees of FAT

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23
Q

What is the guaranteed obstacle clearance in the primary area?

A

300m (600m in high terrain areas)

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24
Q

What is the guaranteed obstacle clearance in the secondary area?

A

Reduces to zero towards the outer edges of the secondary area

25
Q

What is the fix tolerance area?

A

The zone of uncertainty area of where you are due to the inaccuracies of two fixes

26
Q

What is the most accurate fix for track guidance and bearings?

27
Q

What is the most accurate fix for overhead position?

A

NDB (smallest cone of confusion)

28
Q

Where does the arrival segment begin and end?

A 
Begins = at 25nm 
Ends = at IAF
29
Q

Where does the initial segment begin and end?

A 
Begins = at IAF 
Ends = at IF (initial approach fix)
30
Q

Where does the intermediate segment begin and end?

A 
Begin = IF
Ends = FAF
31
Q

Where does the final segment begin and end?

A 
Begins = FAF
Ends = MAPt
32
Q

What is the MOC in the arrival segment?

33
Q

What is the MOC in the initial segment?

34
Q

What is the MOC in the intermediate segment?

35
Q

What is the MOC in the final segment?

A

DH for precision

MDH for non precision

36
Q

When ATC ask you to carry out an approach what other info could they ask for?

A

To report over significant point or nav aid or beginning a procedure or base turn

37
Q

Where does a STAR usually begin and end?

A

Starts at the end of the route and ends at the IAF

38
Q

What is the max intercept between IF and IAF for each type of approach?

A

Non precision = 120 degrees

Precision = 90 degrees

39
Q

What is the max intercept angle and track length for a DR segment?

A

Angle = 45 degrees

Track length = 10nm

40
Q

What is the max and optimum distance of the FAF from the threshold?

A 
Optimum = 5nm
Max = 10nm
41
Q

If there is no FAF when can you begin to let down to MDA/H?

A

Once established on the FAT

42
Q

Define an FAP?

A

A point where an aircraft intercepts the glidepath - only found on ILSs without DME

43
Q

Who is responsible for terrain clearance?

A

PIC except when under IFR radar vectors

44
Q

What the optimum final approach gradient?

A

Not to exceed 5.2%

45
Q

What is the max permissible gradient where a steeper gradient is necessary and can this be exceeded?

A

6.5% (this can be greater if approved by the state)

46
Q

What are the three types of track reversal?

A
  • 45/180 degree procedure turn (normal type)
  • 80/260 degree procedure turn
  • base turn
47
Q

What is the leg of the 45 degree turn on a 45/180 procedure?

A

Cat A and B = 1 minute

Cat C, D and E = 1 minute 15 seconds

48
Q

Which track reversal type gives a reciprocal reversal of track?

A

A procedure turn

49
Q

What takes priority over timing when making a procedural turn?

A

A turning point (TP)

50
Q

In what missed approach segment are now turns allowed to be designed?

A

Initial phase

51
Q

What is the minimum missed approach climb gradient and what obstacle clearance does this guarantee?

A

2.5% and 30m clearance

52
Q

When does the initial phase and intermediate phase of the missed approach begin and end respectively?

A

When climb is established

53
Q

What is the minimum obstacle clearance in the final phase of a missed approach?

54
Q

Define a MAPt?

A

The point of intersection of an electronic glidepath (needs finishing)

55
Q

What is the aim of MAPt?

A

To ensure the minimum obstacle clearance isn’t infringed throughout the procedure

56
Q

What is area navigation (RNAV) based on?

A

VOR/DMEs which are co located and waypoints

57
Q

Define a waypoint

A

A specified geographical location used to define an area nav route or flight path

58
Q

What is the distance between RNAV and RNAV RNP?

A

RNAV RNP can detect errors in entry of waypoints

59
Q

What is the most important factor with regards to instrument approaches?

Air Law (26 decks)

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