Chapter 4A Rules Of The Air (VFR) Flashcards
To what aircraft are rules of the air applicable to?
Apply to aircraft bearing national registration marks of an ICAO state wherever the mag be to the extent that they don’t conflict with rules published by the state
Do the rules still apply over the high seas?
Yes
What are the VMC minima at or above FL100?
- 8km visibility
- 1500m horizontal separation from clouds
- 300m vertical separation from cloud
What are the VMC minima below FL100?
- 5km visibility
- 1500m horizontal separation from clouds
- 300m vertical separation from clouds
In airspace classes F and G what are the VMC minima?
Below 3000ftAMSL (or 1000ft over terrain):
- 5km of visibility
- clear of cloud and insight of ground
Define a commander
A designated pilot who is qualified as a PIC who may delegate the conduct of the flight to another qualified pilot
Define a PIC?
A pilot who is responsible for the operation and safety of the flight
What are the responsibilities of the commander?
- Compliance with rules of the air
- planning the flight
- study all available met reports
- consider fuel and plan alternates
- has final authority
When is the only time an aircraft can be flown over congested areas of cities, towns or settlements?
Takeoff, landing or with the authority permission
You must be high enough to glide away form that area
What is the minimum cruise altitude?
At or above the lowest usable flight level
If below transition altitude use altitude
What shall the aircraft that has right of way do if a collision threat exits?
Maintain heading and speed
What must the aircraft that is obliged to give way do?
Avoid passing under, over or in front of it unless well clear
When approaching head on what just aircraft?
Both turn right
What is classed as head on?
20 degrees either side of nose
What are the rules when aircraft are converging and are the same type?
The ac that has the ac on its right must give way
What aircraft have priority over powered heavier than air aircraft?
Airships, gliders and balloons
What shall airships give way to?
Gliders and balloons
What shall give way to balloons?
Gliders
During an overtaking situation who has right of way?
The aircraft being overtaken
What is classed as overtaking?
70 degrees either side of the longitudinal axis
Who has right of way between the aircraft on the ground and on final?
The one landing
For two heavier that aircraft on approach who has right of way?
The lower aircraft (should not take advantage of this by cutting in front)
Who has right of way, an aircraft taxiing or the aircarft taking off?
The aircraft on takeoff
When can an aircarft proceed beyond a stop bar?
When it’s lights are switched off
When approaching head on on the ground what must be done ?
Both must stop and if practicable turn right
When converging on the ground who has to give way?
The aircraft that has the other aircraft on its right
What must every vehicle have when operating on the manoevering area?
2 way radio contact
What is the movement area?
Aprons and taxiways
What are the purpose of nav lights?
Indicate relative oath of the aircraft
What aircraft lights required to be on in flight?
Beacon and nav lights
What lights are required to be in in the movement area?
Nav lights and lights that indicate the extremities of the structure
When can pilots turn off lights?
When they are likely to affect performance of duties and/or they may cause dazzle to people outside
When is the beacon required to be on?
- Day and night
- on engine start
What is required to operate in simulated IMC?
- dual controls
- a qualified pilot acts as a safety pilot
- must carried out in IMC
What is the normal traffic pattern?
Left hand traffic unless otherwise told
When are you permitted to not land into the wind?
- safety
- traffic considerations
- rwy config
What is a controlled aerodrome?
One that provides an ATS
What is a controlled airspace?
Airspace that requires clearance to enter
When is it mandatory to file a flight plan?
- when flying IFR
- when crossing international borders
- when required by the ATS service
- on advisory routes I’d you wish to use the advisory service
- any flight over 40km in planes with MTOM over 5700kg
How long must a flight plan be submitted before off blocks time?
60 mins (can be more)
If a flight plan is submitted in flight how long before entering a control area or crossing an airway?
10 mins
What times are used in flight plans?
UTC
When shall a flight plan be amended or cancelled?
- a delay of 30mins or more to EOBT (controlled flights)
- a delay of 1hr (uncontrolled flights)
What is classed as a significant change to a flight plan?
- changes regarding fuel endurance
- changes to POB
When can repetitive flight plans be used?
The flight must be operated on:
- the same day of consecutive weeks for at least 10 occasions
- every day for a period of at least 10 consecutive days
(Can only be used for IFR flight plans)
What does the arrival report consist of?
- ac ID
- departure airport
- destination airport
- actual arrival airport
- time of arrival
Define a clearance limit
The point to which an aircraft is granted an ATC clearance
When must a clearance be obtained?
Prior to conducting a controlled flight or a partially controlled flight
How often are changeover points?
Every 60nm
What can be done if conditions detroitste below VMC?
Flight plan can be amended to change destination to alternate or to leave airspace
When do you no longer have to report position?
When you have been advised to “cease position reporting”
What must a position report contain?
- callsign
- name of RP and time
- FL
- time to next rp
- next rp
What does the action after comms failure depend on?
The conditions (VMC or IMC)
How will ATC confirm an ac has had a comms failure?
Execute a specific manoeuvre or transmit a signal in order to indicate acknowledgement
What is the squawk code for comms failure?
7600 and mode C
What must be done in IMC comms failure and is being radar vectored?
- Squawk 7600
- rejoin flight plan route
- level no later than next significant point
What must be done in IMC comms failure and is under radar?
- squawk 7600
- return to FDR
- level after 7 mins
What must be done in IMC comms failure and are enroute and not under radar?
Fly last assigned speed and level for 20 mins and thereafter fly according to fpl
What is the squawk code for unlawful interference?
7500
What visual signals during an interception can be used?
The ones according to appendix 1 of annex 2
What shall an aircraft being intercepted do?
- follow intercepting aircrafts signals
- notify ATS
- call the intercepting aircraft 121.5
What squawk must be used for emergencies and interceptions?
7700 and mode c
If there is a conflict between fighter and ATC who do you obey?
The fighter
What does rocking of the wings to the left and ahead of the aircraft mean and how do you respond?
You have been intercepted follow me and rocks wings back
When can you not takeoff in VFR?
- when the ceiling is less than 450m
- when ground visibility is less than 5km
Where VFR flights not be operated unless authorised?
- above FL200
- at transonic or supersonic speeds
- above FL290 where RVSM applies
What is the minimum height above the ground a VFR flight can fly?
- Below 1000ft within a radius of 600m from the highest aircraft (city)
- not below 500ft above ground or water
Above 3000ft what flight levels must be followed and what is this based on?
The semi circular routes and based on magnetic track
What is a controlled flight?
One that requires a clearance
What must be entered into item 8 of flight plan when changing from VFR to IFR and vice versa?
VFR to IFR = Z (VIZ)
IFR to VFR = Y (IVY)
Can ATC refuse permission to change from IFR to VFR and vice versa?
No
What must the PIC do if wishing to change from VFR to IFR?
- if a VFR flight plan was submitted PIC must comms changes
- if not mist submit an IFR flight plan and obtain clearance
Define EET for Vfr?
Time from takeoff until overhead the destination
What just controlled VFR flights do?
- two way comms
- make position reports as necessary
