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Developmental Exam 1 > Chapter 6 (Emotions) > Flashcards

Chapter 6 (Emotions) Flashcards

1
Q

What is darwins theory regarding emotions

A

He was focused more in biology and comparative perspective (action coding system in expression)
He found out that there are similarities in emotions between species and between cultures

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2
Q

what is comparative psychology

A

When you look for similarities and differences between behaviour and biology between species

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3
Q

what are the 6 basic emotions in humans

A
  1. Anger
  2. Disgust
  3. Fear
  4. Happiness
  5. Sadness
  6. Surprise
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4
Q

Are all emotions of humans present in infants

A

no, contempt, shame and guilt are not present

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5
Q

What is ethology

A

it looks at the evolutionary origins of behaviours for survival
Most importnat one was niko tinbergen

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6
Q

What are Nico Tinbergens 4 questions

A
  1. Mechanism (Causation)
  2. Ontogeny (Development)
  3. Adaptive Value (Function)
  4. Phylogeny (Evolution)
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7
Q

Answer nico tunbergens 4 questions regarding birdsinging

A
  1. Mechanism: Brain Mechanism
  2. Ontogeny: How does singing develop in different conditions
  3. Adaptive Value: Mating
  4. Phylogeny:
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8
Q

Answer nico tunbergens 4 questions regarding human emotions

A
  1. Mechanism: Neurology
  2. Ontogeny: Look at different age groups
  3. Adaptive Value: risk evaluation
  4. Phylogeny: look at other species etc
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9
Q

What are the 3 main personality structures in psychoanalysis

A

Id: Desires and impulses
Ego: mediator between id and superego
Superego: conscience and rules

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10
Q

Why is freuds theory still important today

A

there are actually neuroscientific supports for his theories

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11
Q

What are freuds psychosexual stages

A
  1. Oral stage (year 1): exploring with mouth for exploration and sexual pleasure
  2. Anal stage (year 3):
  3. Phallic stage (year 6): oedipus and electra complex
  4. Latency stage (year 12): child finds out anything sexual results in penalty
  5. Genital stage (puberty):
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12
Q

What are the 8 stages of psychosocial development according to erikson

A
  1. Trust (year 1)
  2. Autonomie (year 3) (doing stuff ourself)
  3. Guilt (year 6) (confidence)
  4. inferiority (year 12) (comparison with others)
  5. Identity (year 18)
  6. Isolation (year 40) (opening up)
  7. Generativity (year 60) (helping next generation)
  8. Integrity (open end) (looking back)
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13
Q

Are Emotions nature or nuture

A

There are many evidences that they are from nature, but of course there are still researcher that

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14
Q

in what dimensions are darwin and ekman

A

nature and passive

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15
Q

in what dimensions is berrret Feldman with her constructivism

A

nurture and active

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16
Q

what is special about the marshmellowtest

A

its predictive about later life success

also it involves emotions regulation

17
Q

what kinds of children are best at emotion regulation

A

children growing up in a safe enviroment

also its a lot better when they trust the researcher more

18
Q

what is temperament

A

individual differences in reactivity and regulation to affect

19
Q

What kind of classes are there in temperament of children

A
  1. Unregulated (high activity): positive relations help
  2. Regulated (low activity): encouragement for new things helps
  3. High reactivity: positive interaction
  4. Bold (High activity and exitment): need structure
  5. Average (average on all):
  6. Well adjusted (high inhibition and attention focus)
20
Q

what is interesting about high reactivity temperament children

A

1 in 3 of them develops social anxiety

21
Q

in what 3 areas can childrens emotional development broadly be divided into

A
  1. to recognize expressions and convey their own emotions
  2. understand emotions
  3. regulate emotions
22
Q

What are the 3 evidences for that emotions are innate and nature

A
  1. Cross cultural evidence
  2. Expression of emotion in infancy
  3. infants can discriminate between facial expressions
23
Q

what is emotional ambiguity

A

when you know that a persons feeling may be different from your own

24
Q

what is mind-mindedness and what does it correlate with

A

how well caregivers are able to read the infants signals

it is a good predictor of attachment security

25
Q

what are callous-unemotional traits

A

they are personality traits like lack of affect or remorse

children with this have problems in emotional processing and emphatising

26
Q

What are Bowlbys attachment styles

A
  1. Secure attachment (distress when alone, positive when return)
  2. Insecure avoidant (little distress when alone, little positive when return)
  3. Insecure resistant (high distress when alone, also resistant when return)
  4. Insecure disorganized (weird and unpredictable)
27
Q

what are the 4 phases of attachments

A
  1. preattachment (2 months): little differentiation to familiar and unfamiliar people
  2. second phase (7 months): recognition of caregiver
  3. third phase (2 years): starting of stranger anxiety
  4. final phase (until old enough): more independence
28
Q

what can predict the attachment style

A
  1. caregivers sensitivity to the child

2. mind mindedness

29
Q

what are the 4 types of attachment categories in adults

A
  1. Autonomous: percieve and value attachments in a good way. Talk openly and good about bad experiences in childhood
  2. Dismissing: deny importance of attachment and lie about attachments
  3. Preoccupied: unable to move on from bad experiences in childhood
  4. Unresolved: unable to resolve feelings to death of loved one or trauma
30
Q

What two aspects are included in temperament

A
  1. Reactivity (how much emotions in reaction to stimulus)

2. Self regulation (how much you can regulate yourself)

31
Q

What is the diathesis distress model and the vantage sensitivity model

A

DSM says that the parenting style may have bad influence based on the temperament stlye of the style
VSM says the same in a positive way

32
Q

what are the 3 temperament types for children

A
  1. Easy (adapt to change, positive aproaches, positve affect)
  2. Difficult (negative mood, high withdrawal, slow adaption)
  3. Slow to warm up (slow to adapt)
33
Q

what is goodness and poorness of fit

A

optimal or poor match between childs temperament and outside expecttions and demands

34
Q

What are the three components to help parent in temperament based styles in INSIGHT

A
  1. Recognize, Reframe, Respond
  2. Gaining compliance (strategies)
  3. Promoting Self regulation
35
Q

How does the INSIGHT programme teach children the temperatment styles

A

with 4 puppets (each representing a style) and shoing how each handle situations

36
Q

what is behavioural inhibition temperament style

A

high reactivity and avoidant of new things

its a risk factor for anxiety

37
Q

Whats the Cool Little Kids programme

A

its speically designed for children with behavioural inhibition temperament and tries to reduce anxiety and fear from new things

Developmental Exam 1 (18 decks)

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