Chapter 6 (Emotions) Flashcards
What is darwins theory regarding emotions
He was focused more in biology and comparative perspective (action coding system in expression)
He found out that there are similarities in emotions between species and between cultures
what is comparative psychology
When you look for similarities and differences between behaviour and biology between species
what are the 6 basic emotions in humans
- Anger
- Disgust
- Fear
- Happiness
- Sadness
- Surprise
Are all emotions of humans present in infants
no, contempt, shame and guilt are not present
What is ethology
it looks at the evolutionary origins of behaviours for survival
Most importnat one was niko tinbergen
What are Nico Tinbergens 4 questions
- Mechanism (Causation)
- Ontogeny (Development)
- Adaptive Value (Function)
- Phylogeny (Evolution)
Answer nico tunbergens 4 questions regarding birdsinging
- Mechanism: Brain Mechanism
- Ontogeny: How does singing develop in different conditions
- Adaptive Value: Mating
- Phylogeny:
Answer nico tunbergens 4 questions regarding human emotions
- Mechanism: Neurology
- Ontogeny: Look at different age groups
- Adaptive Value: risk evaluation
- Phylogeny: look at other species etc
What are the 3 main personality structures in psychoanalysis
Id: Desires and impulses
Ego: mediator between id and superego
Superego: conscience and rules
Why is freuds theory still important today
there are actually neuroscientific supports for his theories
What are freuds psychosexual stages
- Oral stage (year 1): exploring with mouth for exploration and sexual pleasure
- Anal stage (year 3):
- Phallic stage (year 6): oedipus and electra complex
- Latency stage (year 12): child finds out anything sexual results in penalty
- Genital stage (puberty):
What are the 8 stages of psychosocial development according to erikson
- Trust (year 1)
- Autonomie (year 3) (doing stuff ourself)
- Guilt (year 6) (confidence)
- inferiority (year 12) (comparison with others)
- Identity (year 18)
- Isolation (year 40) (opening up)
- Generativity (year 60) (helping next generation)
- Integrity (open end) (looking back)
Are Emotions nature or nuture
There are many evidences that they are from nature, but of course there are still researcher that
in what dimensions are darwin and ekman
nature and passive
in what dimensions is berrret Feldman with her constructivism
nurture and active
what is special about the marshmellowtest
its predictive about later life success
also it involves emotions regulation
what kinds of children are best at emotion regulation
children growing up in a safe enviroment
also its a lot better when they trust the researcher more
what is temperament
individual differences in reactivity and regulation to affect
What kind of classes are there in temperament of children
- Unregulated (high activity): positive relations help
- Regulated (low activity): encouragement for new things helps
- High reactivity: positive interaction
- Bold (High activity and exitment): need structure
- Average (average on all):
- Well adjusted (high inhibition and attention focus)
what is interesting about high reactivity temperament children
1 in 3 of them develops social anxiety
in what 3 areas can childrens emotional development broadly be divided into
- to recognize expressions and convey their own emotions
- understand emotions
- regulate emotions
What are the 3 evidences for that emotions are innate and nature
- Cross cultural evidence
- Expression of emotion in infancy
- infants can discriminate between facial expressions
what is emotional ambiguity
when you know that a persons feeling may be different from your own
what is mind-mindedness and what does it correlate with
how well caregivers are able to read the infants signals
it is a good predictor of attachment security
what are callous-unemotional traits
they are personality traits like lack of affect or remorse
children with this have problems in emotional processing and emphatising
What are Bowlbys attachment styles
- Secure attachment (distress when alone, positive when return)
- Insecure avoidant (little distress when alone, little positive when return)
- Insecure resistant (high distress when alone, also resistant when return)
- Insecure disorganized (weird and unpredictable)
what are the 4 phases of attachments
- preattachment (2 months): little differentiation to familiar and unfamiliar people
- second phase (7 months): recognition of caregiver
- third phase (2 years): starting of stranger anxiety
- final phase (until old enough): more independence
what can predict the attachment style
- caregivers sensitivity to the child
2. mind mindedness
what are the 4 types of attachment categories in adults
- Autonomous: percieve and value attachments in a good way. Talk openly and good about bad experiences in childhood
- Dismissing: deny importance of attachment and lie about attachments
- Preoccupied: unable to move on from bad experiences in childhood
- Unresolved: unable to resolve feelings to death of loved one or trauma
What two aspects are included in temperament
- Reactivity (how much emotions in reaction to stimulus)
2. Self regulation (how much you can regulate yourself)
What is the diathesis distress model and the vantage sensitivity model
DSM says that the parenting style may have bad influence based on the temperament stlye of the style
VSM says the same in a positive way
what are the 3 temperament types for children
- Easy (adapt to change, positive aproaches, positve affect)
- Difficult (negative mood, high withdrawal, slow adaption)
- Slow to warm up (slow to adapt)
what is goodness and poorness of fit
optimal or poor match between childs temperament and outside expecttions and demands
What are the three components to help parent in temperament based styles in INSIGHT
- Recognize, Reframe, Respond
- Gaining compliance (strategies)
- Promoting Self regulation
How does the INSIGHT programme teach children the temperatment styles
with 4 puppets (each representing a style) and shoing how each handle situations
what is behavioural inhibition temperament style
high reactivity and avoidant of new things
its a risk factor for anxiety
Whats the Cool Little Kids programme
its speically designed for children with behavioural inhibition temperament and tries to reduce anxiety and fear from new things
