Chapter 17 (Social development and culture) Flashcards
What is bronfenbrenners ecological model
its a system that integrates many factors in development
What is social cognition and what things does it include
it includes all the meaningful interaction with others
1. social competence
What is social competence and psychopathy
ability to achieve personal goals from interactions while having a good relationship with others
it also predicts many cognitive abilities
Psychopathy means that they are have lack of empathy, intelligence anc charm and antisocial behaviour
–> still socially competence, but not longterm
[research brain areas for social interactions]
asda
what 4 networks are important for the social brain
- mirror network
- amygdala network (emotions)
- mentalizing network (thinking about what is the other experiencing)
- empathy network (what is the other one feelign)
what is adolscence
it is the period from puberty to independece in adulthood
start menstruation/ejaculation
why has the start of adolescence gone earlier over the last 150 years
because of - more wealth - better healthcare - diet (more fat percepntage) people in low secure and high stress homes with bad diets have earlier adolescence
what is the order in which brain areas develop
- sensory motor (finished at 4 years)
- pariental and temporal (finished at 10 years)
- Prefrontal cortex (finished at 16)
what 5 peonts make social life of adolescents unique
- less dependent on parents/more on peers
- more peer interaction
- relationships are less stable and more rejective
- more sexual and intimate relationships
- more alcohol/drug use by influence from peers
define culture
all the information that is not fixed in genome and that is transmitted socially
culture here determines the available mediators (schools, help) and shape cognition skils
what did vygotsky say about culture
he stated that the social enviroment and culture is ciritcal to learning and evolving abilities
what is the zone of proximal development and its 3 stages
skills that are just a but too difficult but can be learned with help from others
- anxiety zone: cant do it
- learning zone: can do it with help
- comfort zone: am able to do it
what is interesting about child street vendors and their math skills
they are able to complete many math problem pracitcally in real life with money and stuff, but struggle with pen and paper maths
what are some example differences in cultures
- life expectancy + infant mortality
- illiteracy
- income
- homocide
- ATTACHMENT
what is special about attachment in non western/traditional cultures
many assumptions here are just not happening there
there are about the same secure attachment, even tho the parenting style is more close
this may be becasue of more alloparenting (more than one caretaker)
what is special about people from individualistic societies
- they use I more often
- …
how did individualism and collectivism develop
indi: strive of freedom, wealth, independence/many tribes with ownership like nomads and herds
collect: rice growing required a lot of extensive collaboration/also hunter gatherers with equality
what 3 key developments should a adolescent have when entering adulthood
- Autonumity
- emotional regulation
- Sense of their own identity
- Able to form relationship with others
what is phylogeny and ontogeny
phylogeny is the evolutionary development of a species
ontogeny is the personal development of a individual
phylogeny repeats itself in ontogeny (recapitulation)
what is field theory and life space (lewin)
Its the theory that behaviour results from an interaction of the person and its enviroment
The persons enviroment can be divided into regions which correspond to the individuals characteristics
what 4 types of time allocations are there
- Outer directed time (career, development and financial gain)
- Other people directed time (enhancing popularity and relationships)
- Inner directed time (self development with hobbies, sports and creative expression)
- Non directed time (passive relaxation without goal or gain)
what are gender and race differences in time alloaction
Gender: Boys have preference for non directed time, girls for other directed time
Race: very similar, but in different activities
What 4 types of parenting styles are there
- authoritative (high response, high demand)
- authoritarian (low response, high demand)
- Indulgement (high response, low demand)
- neglectful (low response, low demand)
what was harry stack sullivans idea
he stated that the interpersonal interactions are what shape behaviour most
what are the 4 stages adolescence go through when discovering romantic relationships
- Initiation
- Status (can give you more prestige)
- Affection (searching for love)
- Bonding (building future together)
what is the epigenetic principle
that parts of an organism develop in a sequential order (stages), like a blueprint
compare erik erikson to freud
- erik was more focued on identity
- freud was focused on how basic needs on childhood influences, erik more on social and enviromental factors
- both were modeling stages people go though
what is the period of moratorium
period where adolescence identify with different beliefs, values and ideologies because of a lack in self identity
What was the study by verhulp about
if immigrant adolescence use the same amount of mental health care as non immigratns
What nationalities use the most/least health care
- Dutch
- Surinamese
- turkish
- moroccan
immigrants also report less mental health problems even tho they have the same
what are explanations for why immigrants use less mental health care
they are less able to recognize mental problems (especially turks and maroccan)
