Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Question 1

Study of internal structure of plants is called _____________

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

On the basis of their Structure and Location, there are three types of tissue system, epidermal tissue system*, the **ground or ________________ and the vascular or conducting tissue system

Answer 2

fundamental tissue system

Question 3

The epidermal tissue system forms the __________ covering of the whole plant body and comprises epidermal cells, stomata and the _______________ (the trichomes and hairs)

Answer 3

epidermal appendages

Question 4

The ___________ is the outermost layer of the primary plant body. It is made up of elongated, compactly arranged cells, which forms a continuous layer.

Answer 4

epidermis

Question 5

Epidermis is usually __________ layered.

Answer 5

single

Question 6

The outside of the epidermis is often covered with a waxy thick layer called the ______________ which prevent the loss of water

Answer 6

Cuticle

Question 7

Cuticle is absent is __________

Answer 7

Roots

Question 8

____________ are structures present in the epidermis of leaves

Answer 8

stomata

Question 9

____________ regulate the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange

Answer 9

Stomata

Question 10

Each Stomata is composed of two bean-shaped cells known as ______________ which enclosed stomatal pore.

Answer 10

guard cells

Question 11

In grasses, the guard cells are _____________ shaped

Answer 11

dumb-bell

Question 12

The outer walls of the guard cells (away from the stomatal pore) are ________ and the inner walls (towards the stomatal pore) are highly _________

Answer 12

thin
thick

Question 13

Sometimes, a few epidermal cells, in the vicinity of the guard cells become specialized in their shape and size and are known as ________________

Answer 13

Subsidiary cells

Question 14

The
stomatal aperture
guard cells and the surrounding
subsidiary cells
are together called _____________

Answer 14

Stomatal apparatus

Question 15

The root hairs are unicellular elongations of the _____________ and help absorb water and minerals from the soil

Answer 15

epidermal cells

Question 16

On the stem the epidermal hairs are called _______________

Answer 16

trichomes

Question 17

The trichomes in the shoot system are usually ______________. They may be branched or unbranched and may even be secretory

Answer 17

multicellular

Question 18

The trichomes help in preventing water loss due to ____________

Answer 18

transpiration

Question 19

All tissue except epidermis and vascular bundles constitute the _________ tissue

Answer 19

ground tissue

Question 20

Ground tissue consists of simple tissues such as _________, collenchyma and ______________

Answer 20

Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma

Question 21

Parenchymatous cells are usually present in _________, _________, ___________ and ___________ in the primary stem and roots

Answer 21

Cortex
pericycle
pith
medullary rays

Question 22

In leaves, the ground tissue consists of thin walled chloroplast containing cells and is called _____________

Answer 22

mesophyll

Question 23

The Vascular tissue system consists of complex tissues, the ___________ and the _____________

Answer 23

Phloem
xylem

Question 24

xylem and phloem together constitute ________________

Answer 24

vascular Bundles

Question 25

In **dicotyledonous stems**, ____________ is present between **Phloem** and **xylem**

Answer 25

**cambium**

Question 26

Vascular bundles because of the presence of **cambium** possess the ability to form **secondary xylem** and phloem tissues, and hence are called __________ **vascular bundles**

Answer 26

**Open vascular bundles**

Question 27

In **Monocotyledons**, the **vascular bundles** have no **cambium** present in them, so they do not form secondary tissues they are referred to as _________ vascular bundles

Answer 27

**closed**

Question 28

When **xylem and phloem** within a **vascular bundle** are arranged in an alternate manner along the **different radii** the arrangement is called ____________ such as in **roots**

Answer 28

**radial**

Question 29

The **conjoint vascular bundles** usually have the **phloem** located only on the ____________ side of the **xylem**

Answer 29

**Outer**

Question 30

The **outermost layer** in dicotyledonous root is ___________ , Many of the cells of this layer protrude in the form of unicellular __________

Answer 30

**epiblema** **root hairs**

Question 31

The **cortex** consists of several layers of thin-walled _________ cells with **intercellular space**

Answer 31

**parenchyma**

Question 32

The innermost layer of the **Cortex** is called _______________, It comprises a single layer of **barrel-shaped** cells **without** any intercellular spaces.

Answer 32

**Endodermis**

Question 33

The tangential as well as **radial walls** of the **endodermal cells** have a deposition of water-impermeable, waxy material ___________ in the form of ______________

Answer 33

**Suberin** **casparian strips**

Question 34

**Next** to **endodermis** lies a few layers of thick-walled parenchymatous cells referred to as ____________. Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during the **secondary growth** takes place in these cells.

Answer 34

**Pericycle**

Question 35

The **parenchymatous cells** which lie between the xylem and the phloem are called ____________

Answer 35

**Conjunctive tissue**

Question 36

All tissues on the inner side of the **endodermis** such as **pericycle, vascular bundles and pith** constitute the _____________

Answer 36

**Stele**

Question 37

There are usually ______ to _________ xylem and phloem patches in **dicotyledonous root**

Answer 37

**two** **four**

Question 38

There are usually more than _________(Polyarch) xylem bundles in the **monocot root** Monocotyledonous roots do not undergo and secondary growth

Answer 38

**Six**

Question 39

In **dicotyledonous stem** __________ is the outermost protective layer of the stem.

Answer 39

**epidermis**

Question 40

**Epidermis** covered with a thin layer of ____________, it may bear **trichomes** and a few **stomata**

Answer 40

**cuticle**

Question 41

The cells arranged in multiple layers between **epidermis** and **pericycle** constitute the __________

Answer 41

**Cortex**

Question 42

Cortex consists of three sub-zones named as 1.___________ 2.___________ 3.___________

Answer 42

1. **Hypodermis** 2. **Cortical layers** 3. **Endodermis**

Question 43

**Hypodermis**, consists of a few layers of _____________ cells just below the **epidermis**, which provide mechanical strength to the young stem

Answer 43

**Collenchymatous cells** (hypodermis)

Question 44

**Cortical layers** below **hypodermis** consist of **rounded** thin walled _______________ with conspicuous intercellular spaces.

Answer 44

**Parenchymatous cells** (Cortical layer)

Question 45

The **innermost layer** of the **cortex** is called the ______________

Answer 45

**endodermis**

Question 46

The cells of the endodermis are rich in **starch grains** and the layer is also referred to as the _________________

Answer 46

**Starch Sheath**

Question 47

**Pericycle** is present on the inner side of the **endodermis** and above the phloem in the form of _____________ patches of _____________

Answer 47

**Semi-lunar** **Sclerenchyma**

Question 48

In between the **vascular bundles** there are a few layers of radially placed **parenchymatous cells**, which constitute ___________

Answer 48

**medullary rays**

Question 49

A large number of **vascular bundles** are arranged in a ring, The **ring** arrangement of vascular bundles is a **characteristic** of _____________ stem

Answer 49

**Dicot**

Question 50

The **monocot stem** has a _______________ hypodermis, a large number of **scattered vascular bundles**

Answer 50

**Sclerenchymatous**

Question 51

In **monocot** vascular bundles are conjoint and ____________

Answer 51

**closed** (no cambium present b/w xylem and phloem)

Question 52

The vertical section of **Dicot** leaf shows three main parts namely **epidermis**, ______________ and **vascular system**

Answer 52

**Mesophyll**

Question 53

The **epidermis** which covers both the upper surface (____________) and lower surface (______________)

Answer 53

**adaxial epidermis** (upper) **abaxial epidermis** (lower)

Question 54

The **abaxial epidermis** (lower surface) generally bears __________ stomata than the **adaxial epidermis** (upper surface)

Answer 54

**More**

Question 55

The tissue between the upper and the lower epidermis is called the __________

Answer 55

**mesophyll**

Question 56

**Mesophyll**, which possesses chloroplasts and carry out **photosynthesis**, is made up of _____________ cells

Answer 56

**Parenchyma**

Question 57

**mesophyll** parenchyma has two types of cells _____________ and ___________

Answer 57

**Palisade parenchyma** **Spongy parenchyma**

Question 58

The **adaxially placed** _____________ parenchyma is made up of **elongated cells** which are arranged vertically and parallel to each other.

Answer 58

**Palisade**

Question 59

The vascular bundles are surrounded by a layer of thick walled ___________ cells

Answer 59

**bundle sheath cells**

Question 60

In **Monocot leaf** the ___________ are present on both the surfaces of the epidermis and the ______________ is not differentiated into **palisade** and **spongy** parenchyma.

Answer 60

**Stomata** **mesophyll**

Question 61

In grasses (monoco), certain **adaxial** epidermis (upper surface) cells along the veins modify themselves into large, empty, colorless cells. These are called ___________ cells

Answer 61

**Bulliform**

Question 62

The **secondary growth** occurs in most of the _______________ roots and stems.

Answer 62

**dicotyledonous**