Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants Flashcards
Study of internal structure of plants is called _____________
Anatomy
On the basis of their Structure and Location, there are three types of tissue system, epidermal tissue system*, the **ground or ________________ and the vascular or conducting tissue system
fundamental tissue system
The epidermal tissue system forms the __________ covering of the whole plant body and comprises epidermal cells, stomata and the _______________ (the trichomes and hairs)
epidermal appendages
The ___________ is the outermost layer of the primary plant body. It is made up of elongated, compactly arranged cells, which forms a continuous layer.
epidermis
Epidermis is usually __________ layered.
single
The outside of the epidermis is often covered with a waxy thick layer called the ______________ which prevent the loss of water
Cuticle
Cuticle is absent is __________
Roots
____________ are structures present in the epidermis of leaves
stomata
____________ regulate the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange
Stomata
Each Stomata is composed of two bean-shaped cells known as ______________ which enclosed stomatal pore.
guard cells
In grasses, the guard cells are _____________ shaped
dumb-bell
The outer walls of the guard cells (away from the stomatal pore) are ________ and the inner walls (towards the stomatal pore) are highly _________
thin
thick
Sometimes, a few epidermal cells, in the vicinity of the guard cells become specialized in their shape and size and are known as ________________
Subsidiary cells
The
stomatal aperture
guard cells and the surrounding
subsidiary cells
are together called _____________
Stomatal apparatus
The root hairs are unicellular elongations of the _____________ and help absorb water and minerals from the soil
epidermal cells
On the stem the epidermal hairs are called _______________
trichomes
The trichomes in the shoot system are usually ______________. They may be branched or unbranched and may even be secretory
multicellular
The trichomes help in preventing water loss due to ____________
transpiration
All tissue except epidermis and vascular bundles constitute the _________ tissue
ground tissue
Ground tissue consists of simple tissues such as _________, collenchyma and ______________
Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Parenchymatous cells are usually present in _________, _________, ___________ and ___________ in the primary stem and roots
Cortex
pericycle
pith
medullary rays
In leaves, the ground tissue consists of thin walled chloroplast containing cells and is called _____________
mesophyll
The Vascular tissue system consists of complex tissues, the ___________ and the _____________
Phloem
xylem
xylem and phloem together constitute ________________
vascular Bundles
In dicotyledonous stems, ____________ is present between Phloem and xylem
cambium
Vascular bundles because of the presence of cambium possess the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues, and hence are called __________ vascular bundles
Open vascular bundles
In Monocotyledons, the vascular bundles have no cambium present in them, so they do not form secondary tissues they are referred to as _________ vascular bundles
closed
When xylem and phloem within a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii the arrangement is called ____________ such as in roots
radial
The conjoint vascular bundles usually have the phloem located only on the ____________ side of the xylem
Outer
The outermost layer in dicotyledonous root is ___________ , Many of the cells of this layer protrude in the form of unicellular __________
epiblema
root hairs
The cortex consists of several layers of thin-walled _________ cells with intercellular space
parenchyma
The innermost layer of the Cortex is called _______________, It comprises a single layer of barrel-shaped cells without any intercellular spaces.
Endodermis
The tangential as well as radial walls of the endodermal cells have a deposition of water-impermeable, waxy material ___________ in the form of ______________
Suberin
casparian strips
Next to endodermis lies a few layers of thick-walled parenchymatous cells referred to as ____________. Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in these cells.
Pericycle
There are usually ______ to _________ xylem and phloem patches in dicotyledonous root
two
four
There are usually more than _________(Polyarch) xylem bundles in the monocot root
Monocotyledonous roots do not undergo and secondary growth
Six
In dicotyledonous stem __________ is the outermost protective layer of the stem.
epidermis
Epidermis covered with a thin layer of ____________, it may bear trichomes and a few stomata
cuticle
The cells arranged in multiple layers between epidermis and pericycle constitute the __________
Cortex
Cortex consists of three sub-zones named as
1.___________
2.___________
3.___________
- Hypodermis
- Cortical layers
- Endodermis
Hypodermis, consists of a few layers of _____________ cells just below the epidermis, which provide mechanical strength to the young stem
Collenchymatous cells (hypodermis)
Cortical layers below hypodermis consist of rounded thin walled _______________ with conspicuous intercellular spaces.
Parenchymatous cells (Cortical layer)
The innermost layer of the cortex is called the ______________
endodermis
The cells of the endodermis are rich in starch grains and the layer is also referred to as the _________________
Starch Sheath
Pericycle is present on the inner side of the endodermis and above the phloem in the form of _____________ patches of _____________
Semi-lunar
Sclerenchyma
In between the vascular bundles there are a few layers of radially placed parenchymatous cells, which constitute ___________
medullary rays
A large number of vascular bundles are arranged in a ring, The ring arrangement of vascular bundles is a characteristic of _____________ stem
Dicot
The monocot stem has a _______________ hypodermis, a large number of scattered vascular bundles
Sclerenchymatous
In monocot vascular bundles are conjoint and ____________
closed (no cambium present b/w xylem and phloem)
The vertical section of Dicot leaf shows three main parts namely epidermis, ______________ and vascular system
Mesophyll
The epidermis which covers both the upper surface (____________)
and lower surface (______________)
adaxial epidermis (upper)
abaxial epidermis (lower)
The abaxial epidermis (lower surface) generally bears __________ stomata than the adaxial epidermis (upper surface)
More
The tissue between the upper and the lower epidermis is called the __________
mesophyll
Mesophyll, which possesses chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis, is made up of _____________ cells
Parenchyma
mesophyll parenchyma has two types of cells _____________ and ___________
Palisade parenchyma
Spongy parenchyma
The adaxially placed _____________ parenchyma is made up of elongated cells which are arranged vertically and parallel to each other.
Palisade
The vascular bundles are surrounded by a layer of thick walled ___________ cells
bundle sheath cells
In Monocot leaf the ___________ are present on both the surfaces of the epidermis and the ______________ is not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.
Stomata
mesophyll
In grasses (monoco), certain adaxial epidermis (upper surface) cells along the veins modify themselves into large, empty, colorless cells. These are called ___________ cells
Bulliform
