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Biology XI > Chapter 2: Biological Classification > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Biological Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What is Prokaryotic Cells

A

Any unicellular organism that does not contain a membrane bound nucleus or organelles

ex:- Bacteria

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2
Q

What is Eukaryotic Cells

A

Any cell that contains a clearly defined nucleus and membrane bound Organelles

ex:- plant ,animal , fungi and protist cells

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3
Q

Two Kingdom system of classification with Plantae and Animalia was developed by _______

A

Linnaeus

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4
Q

Five Kingdom Classification is proposed by scientist ____________

A

R. H Whittaker (1969)

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5
Q

Five Kingdom Classification consist of _______

A

Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

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6
Q

Kingdom Monera (Prokaryotic) the Cell Wall is present and is made of

A

Noncellulosic

(Polysaccharide + Amino acid)

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7
Q

Kingdom Fungi the Cell wall is present and is made of _____

A

Chitin

distinctive feature of Fungi

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8
Q

Kingdom Plantae the Cell wall is present and is made up of

A

Cellulose

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9
Q

Kingdom Animalia the Cell wall is _________

A

Absent

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10
Q

All prokaryotic organisms were grouped together under Kingdom ______

A

Monera

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11
Q

All unicellular Eukaryotic organisms were placed in Kingdom

A

Protista

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12
Q

Chlamydomonas, Chlorella (earlier placed in Algae within Plants and both having cell walls)

Paramoecium and Amoeba (Which were earlier placed in animal kingdom which lack cell wall)

are brought together in Kingdom________

A

Protista

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13
Q

All the Bacteria belongs to kingdom ____________

A

Monera

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14
Q

Organisms which live in or On other organisms are called

A

Parasites

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15
Q

Bacteria four categories based on their shape is

A
  1. Spherical (Coccus)
  2. Rod shaped (Bacillus)
  3. Comma shaped (Vibrium)
  4. Spiral (Spirillum)
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16
Q

Bacteria categories on basis of metabolic activities are

A

Autotrophic- Synthesise their own food from inorganic substance

Chemosynthetic autotrophic- mostly Photosynthetic autotrophic

Heterotrophs - They depend on other organisms or on dead organic matter for food

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17
Q

____________ are known to be the oldest living organisms on earth.

A

Archaebacteria

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18
Q

based of habitat
Bacteria found in extreme salty areas are called__________
Bacteria found in hot springs are called __________
Bacteria found in Marshy areas are called ___________

A

Halophiles
Thermoacidophiles
Methanogens

Methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cow and buffaloes and they are responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals.

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19
Q

Eubacteria is also known as

A

True Bacteria

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20
Q

Eubacteria characterised by the presence of a rigid cell wall, and if motile , a __________

A

Flagellum

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21
Q

Which bacteria is also known as Blue-green algae have chrophyll a similar to green plants and are photosynthetic autotrophs

A

Cyanobacteria

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22
Q

The Cyanobacteria colonies are generally surrounded by ____

A

Gelatinous sheath

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23
Q

Some of the cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen in Specialised cells called ____________

A

Heterocysts

found in

Nostoc
Anabaena

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24
Q

_______________ bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances such as Nitrates , nitrites and ammonia and use the released energy for their ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) production

A

Chemosynthetic autotrophic

role in recycling nutrients like
Nitrogen
phosphorous
iron
sulphur

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25
Q

Heterotrophic Bacteria , majority are important _____________

A

Decomposers
Helpful in making curd from milk
production of antibiotics
fixing nitrogen in legume roots

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26
Q

Bacteria reproduce mainly by __________
under unfavorable conditions they produce _______
They also reproduce by sexual reproduction by adopting a primitive type of DNA transfer

A

Fission
Spores

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27
Q

__________ are organisms that completely lack a cell wall and are the smallest living cells known and can survive without oxygen

A

Mycoplasma

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28
Q

All single-celled eukaryotes are placed under kingdom __________

A

Protista

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29
Q

Name some groups belongs to kingdom Protista

A

Chrysophytes (mostly photosynthetic)
Dinoflagellates (rapid growth make ,sea appear red (red tides)
Euglenoids (instead of cell wall protein rich layer Pellicle)
Slime moulds (Saprophytic protists)
Protozoans (heterotrophs , predators or parasites)

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30
Q

Protists reproduce Asexually and Sexually by a process involving

A

Cell Fusion
Zygote formation

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31
Q

Diatoms and Golden Algae(Desmids) includes in which group of Protista

A

Chrysophytes

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32
Q

Diatoms have left behind large amount of cell wall deposits in their Habitat, this accumulation over Billions of years is reffered to as _____________

A

Diatomaceous earth

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33
Q

____________ are the chief ‘producers’ in the oceans

A

Diatoms

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34
Q

____________ undergo such rapid multiplication that they make the sea appear red(red tides). Toxin released by such large numbers may even kill other marine animals such as Fishes

A

Ganyaulax

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34
Q

_____________ group of Protista, most of them have two Flagella , one lies logitudinally and other transversely in a furrow between the wall plates

A

Dianoflagellates

eg- Gonyaulax

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34
Q

Euglenoids, another group of Protista , instead of Cell Wall a Protein rich layer Called __________ which makes their body flexible

A

Pellicle

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35
Q

Euglenoids have two Flagella, a short and a long one, example of animal belongs to this group is ______________

A

Euglena

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36
Q

___________ another group of Protista which are Saprophytic Protists

A

Slime Moulds

37
Q

under suitable conditions, Slime Moulds form an aggregation called ___________ which may grow and spread over several feet, During unfavorable conditions, the Plasmodium differentiates and forms Fruiting Bodies bearing spores at their tips

A

Plasmodium

38
Q

______ are the last group of Protista all are heterotrophs and live as predators or parasite

A

Protozoans

39
Q

Four major groups of protozoans are

A

Amoeboid Protozoans
Flagellated Protozoans
Ciliated Protozoans
Sporozoans

40
Q

amoeboid Protozoans capture their prey by putting out ________________ as in Amoeba

A

Pseudopodia (False feet)

41
Q

Amoeboid protozoa which is parasitic in nature is

A

Entamoeba

42
Q

Flagellated Protozoans another group of Protozoans , they have flagella , The parasitic forms cause diaseases such as Sleeping sickness , organism name is ___________

A

Trypanosoma
The parasitic forms cause Speeping sickness

43
Q

Ciliated Protozoans another group of Protozoans , they have thousand of cilia , which helps is moving , organism belongs to this group is __________

A

Paramoecium

44
Q

Sporozoans last group of protozoans includes diverse organisms that have an infectious spore-like stage in their life cycle
Malarial Parasite belong to this croup namely

A

Plasmodium

45
Q

White spot seen on mustard leaves are due to a ___________

A

Parasitic fungus

Albugo (fungus name)

46
Q

Unicellular Fungi ex - Yeast are use to make __________

A

Bread and Beer

47
Q

Wheat Rust Caused by Fungus Named

A

Puccinia

48
Q

Antibiotic source of fungus is _________

A

Penicillium

49
Q

Fungus Bodies consist of Long, selender thread like structure called ________

A

Hyphae

50
Q

The Network of Hyphae is known as ______

A

Mycelium

51
Q

Some Hyphae are continuous tubes filled with multinucleated cytoplasm - these are called __________

A

Coenocytic Hyphae

52
Q

Cell wall of Fungi are composed of ___________ and __________

A

Chitin
Polysaccharides

53
Q

Most fungi are heterotrophic and absorb soluble organic matter from dead substance and hence are called ____________

A

Saprophytes

54
Q

Fungi that depend on living plants and animals are called __________

A

Parasite

55
Q

Fungi can also live as Symbionts, in association with Algae as ____________ and with roots of higher plants as ______________

A

Lichens
Mycorrhiza

56
Q

Reproduction in fungi takes place by vegetative means are ________ , ________ and ______________

asexual reproduction is by spores called __________ or ___________ or __________

Sexual reproduction is by ________ , _________ and __________

A

Fragmentation
Fission
Budding

Conidia
Sporangiospores
Zoospores

Oospores
Ascospores**
**Basidospores*

57
Q

Sexual cycle involves three steps in fungi

A

Plasmogamy (fusion of protoplasm)
Karyogamy (fusion of two nuclei)
Meiosis in zygote resulting in haploid Spore

58
Q

The morphology of mycelium mode of spore formation and fruiting bodies form the basis of fungi kingdom divides into various classes name as

A

Phycomycetes
Ascomycetes (Sac- Fungi)
Basidiomycetes (Mushrooms,Bracket fungi or puffballs)
Deuteromycetes (imperfect fungi)- only asexual or vegetative phase

59
Q

Fungi which are found in Aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places or as obligate parasite on plants are ________________

A

Phycomycetes

60
Q

Common examples of Phycomycetes are

A

Mucor
Rhizopus (The bread Mould)
Albugo (The parasitic fungi on mustard)

61
Q

_____________ is also know as Sac -Fungi

A

Ascomycetes

62
Q

Common examples of Ascomycetes(Sac-Fungi) are

A
  1. Penicillium
  2. Yeast (Rarely unicellular) (Scientific name -Saccharomyces
  3. Aspergillus
  4. Claviceps
  5. Neurospora (is used extensively in biochemical and genetic work)
63
Q

Commonly know form _________________ are mushrooms, bracket fungi or puffball

A

Basidiomycetes

64
Q

Examples of Basidiomycetes are

A
  1. Ustilago(smut)
  2. Puccinia (rust fungus)
  3. Agaricus (Mushroom)
65
Q

______________ commonly known as Imperfect fungi because only the asexual or vegetative phase of these fungus are known.

A

Deuteromycetes

66
Q

Deuteromycetes reproduce only by asexual spores known as ________

A

Conidia

67
Q

Some examples of Deuteromycetes are

A
  1. Alternaria
  2. Colletotrichum
  3. Trichoderma
68
Q

_____________ and _______________ are example of insectivorous plants and ___________ is a parasite

A

Bladderwort and Venus fly trap

Cuscuta

69
Q

Life cycle of plants has two distinct phases

A

Diploid Sporophytic
Haploid Gametophytic

70
Q

The alteration of plant life cycle of two phase, haploid and diploid , this phenomena is called ______________

A

Alteration of Generation

71
Q

Kingdom Animalia is characterised by heterotrophic eukaryotics organisms that are multicellular and their cells lack _____________

A

Cell Wall

72
Q

Animals store food reserves as _____________

A

Glycogen or Fat

73
Q

In the 5 kingdom classification of Whittaker there is no mention of lichen and some acellular organisms like _____________

A
  1. Viruses
  2. Viroids
  3. Prions
74
Q

Viruses did not find a place in classification since they are not considered as ____________

A

Truly ‘Living’

75
Q

Virus means Venom or ______________ , Dmitri Ivanowsky (1892) recognised certain microbes as causal organism of the “mosaic disease of tobacco”

A

Poisonous fluid

76
Q

Scientist who named the new pathogen as Virus and the fluid as contagium vivum fluidum (infectious living fluid) is ____________

A

M .W Beijerinek (1898)

77
Q

Crystalline structure of virus is given by______________

A

W.M Stanley (1935)

78
Q

In addition to protein, viruses also contain genetic material, that could be either ______________ or ______________

A

RNA or DNA
No virus contains both

79
Q

Virus that infect plants have ______________

A

Single stranded RNA

80
Q

Virus that infect Animals have either _______________ or ______________

A

Single or double stranded RNA
Double stranded DNA

81
Q

Bacterial Virus or ___________________ (virus that infect the bacteria) are usually ___________ stranded DNA

A

Bacteriophage

Double

82
Q

The Protein coat called ___________ made of small subunits called Capsomeres , Protects the nucleic acid

A

Capsid

83
Q

Mumps , small pox, herps, influenza and AIDS are caused by

A

Viruses

84
Q

An infectious agent that is smaller than Virus, found to be a free RNA , it lack the protein coat that is found in viruses are called ______________

A

Viroids

85
Q

Who discovered Viroids

A

T . O Diener (1971)

86
Q

Potato spindle tuber disease is caused by ___________

A

Viroids

87
Q

An infectious agent composed of only protiens are called

A

Prions (Abnormally folded infectious protein)

88
Q

Mad cow disease in cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) its analogy variant in human Cr-Jacob disease (CJD) is caused by ____

A

Prions (Abnormally folded infectious protein)

89
Q

Symbiotic Association means

A

Mutually useful association (Which benefit Both)

90
Q

Lichens are symbiotic association between

A

Algae and Fungi
Algal component Phycobiont (autotrophic- prepare food for fungus)
Fungal component Mycobiont (provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner).

91
Q

_________________ is a good pollution indicators, they do not grow in polluted areas

A

Lichens

Biology XI (19 decks)

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