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Biology XI > Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Flashcards

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1
Q

All members of Animalia are ____________, all of them do not exhibit the same pattern or organisation of cells.eg in Sponges, the cells are arranged as loose cell aggregates i.e they exhibit ______________ level of organisation.

A

Multicellular

Cellular level

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2
Q

In Coelenterates, the arrangement of cells is more complex, Here th cells performing the same function are arranged into ____________, hence is called _____________ of organisation

A

Tissue

Tissue level of organisation

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3
Q

_____________ level of organisation is exhibits by member of Platyhelminthes(Flat worm) and other higher Phyla where tissues are grouped together to form ____________, each specialised for a particular function

A

Organ Level

Organ

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4
Q

In animal like Annelids , Arthropods, Molluscs, Echinoderms and Chordates, organs have associated to form functional system, each system concerned with a specific physiological function. This Pattern is called _________________ level of organisation

A

Organ System

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5
Q

The digestive system in Platyhelminthes has only a single opening to the outside of the body that serves as both mouth and anus, and is hence called ______________

A

Incomplete

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6
Q

A complete digestive system has two openings _________ and ___________

A

Mouth

Anus

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7
Q

In ____________ type Circulatory system, the blood is pumped out of the heart and the cells and tissue are directly bathed in it.
In ____________ type Circulatory system, the blood is circulated through a series of vessels of varying diameters (Arteries, vein and capillaries)

A

Open type

Closed type

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8
Q

Animals can be categorised on the basis of their Symmetry. Sponges are mostly ______________, i.e any plane that passes through the centre does not divide them into equal halves

When any plane passing through the central axis of the body divides the organism into Two identical halves is called _____________

When the body can be divided into identical left and right halves in only one plane is called __________

A

Asymmetrical

Radial Symmetry (ex- Coelenterates, ctenophores and Echinoderms have this kind of symmetry)

Bilateral Symmetry (ex- Annelids, Arghropods)

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9
Q

Animals in which the cells are arranged in two embryonic layers, an external __________ and an internal ___________, are called Diploblastic eg:- Coelenterates , An Undifferentiated layer , ______________ is present in between external and internal layer

A

ectoderm

Endoderm

Mesoglea

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10
Q

Those animals in which the developing embryo has a third germinal layer___________ in between the ectoderm and endoderm are called Triploblastic animals (Platyhelminthes to chordates)

A

Mesoderm
(undifferentiated mesoglea get differentiated and make mesoderm in triploblastic animals)

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11
Q

Presence or absence of a cavity between the body wall and the gut wall is very important in classification, The body cavity, which is lined by Mesoderm is called ___________ and Animals possessing this is called ___________

A

Coelom
Coelomates
(eg-Annelids, molluscs, Arthropods, Echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates)

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12
Q

In some animals, the body cavity is not lined by mesoderm, Instead the mesoderm is present as scattered pouches in between the ectoderm and endoderm , Such a body cavity is called ___________________ and the animals possessing them are called ___________________

A

Pseudocoelom

Pseudocoelomates (eg- Aschelminthes)

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13
Q

The animals in which the Body Cavity is absent are called ___________

A

Acoelomates
(eg- Platyhelminthes)

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14
Q

In some animals, the body is externally and Internally divided into segments with a serial repetition of at least some organs, eg in Annelids (earthworm), the body shows this pattern called ________________ segmentation and the phenomenon is known as ______________

A

Metameric segmentation

Metamerism

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15
Q

____________ is mesodermally derived rod-like structure formed on the Dorsal side during embryonic development in some Animals. animals with ____________ are called Chordates and those which do not form this structure are Called Non- Chordates e.g- Porifera to echinoderms

A

Notochord

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16
Q

How many phylum are there in Animal kingdom

A

11

Porifera (Sponges)
Coelenterata (Hydra)
Ctenophora (Pleurobrachia and Ctenoplana) -emit light
Platyhelminthes (Tapeworm, Liver fluke)
Aschelminthes (Round worm)
Annelida (Earthworm)
Arthropoda (honeybee,silkworm,lacinsects)
Mollusca (Apple snail, octopus)
*Echinodermata (Starfish , sea cucumber)
Hemichordata (Balanoglossus , saccoglossus)
Chordata

Echinodermata exhibits radial or Bilateral symmetry depending on stage (at larval its bilateral symmetrical)

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17
Q

Phylum Porifera members are commonly known as _____________, They are generally marine and symmetry is ______________

A

Sponges

Asymmetrical (no symmetry)

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18
Q

Sponges have a water transport or canal system. Water enters through minute pores called ____________in the body wall into a central cavity ___________, from where it goes out through the _____________ This pathway of water transport is helpful in food gathering, Respiratory exchanges and removal of waste.

A

Ostia
Spongocoel
Osculum

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19
Q

_____________ or Collar cells line the Spongocoel and the canals, digestion is intracellular is Sponges

A

Choanocytes

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20
Q

Porifera or sponges body is supported by a skeleton made up of ____________or spongin fibres

A

Spicules

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21
Q

In Porifera sexes are not separate which is also known as ______________

A

Hermaphrodite

I.e eggs and sperms are produced by the same individual

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22
Q

Common name of these Sponges (phylum porifera) are

  1. Sycon (__________)
  2. Euspongia (___________)
  3. Spongilla (__________)
A
  1. Sycon (Scypha)
  2. Euspongia (Bath Sponge)
  3. Spongilla(Fresh water sponge)
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23
Q

phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria), the name Cnidaria is derived from the ___________ or ______________(Which contain the stinging capsules or _______________) present on the tentacles and the body

A

Cnidoblasts
Cnidocytes
Nematocysts

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24
Q

Cnidarians exhibits __________ level of organisation and are Diploblastic

A

Tissue Level

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25
Q

Cnidarians have a central gastro-vascular cavity with a single opening, mouth on ________________

A

Hypostome

Hypostome (cnidarian), the oral tip surrounded by tentacles in hydrozoan cnidarians.

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26
Q

Some of the Cnidarians, eg:- corals have a skeleton composed of _______________

A

Calcium Carbonate

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27
Q

Cnidarians exhibit two basic body forms called ___________ and ___________

A

Medusa eg:- Aurelia or Jelly fish
Polyp eg:- Hydra, Adamsia

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28
Q

Cnidarians which exist in both forms exhibit alternation of generation (_______________) i.e polyps produce Medusae Asexually and Medusae form the Polyp sexually .

A

Metagenesis

eg:- Obelia

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29
Q

Common names of these Cnidarians are
1. Physalia
2. Adamsia
3. Pennatula
4. Gorgonia
5. Meandrina

A
  1. Physalia -Portuguese man-of-war
    2.Adamsia - Sea anemone
    3.Pennatula - Sea-Pen
    4.Gorgonia - Sea Fan
    5.Meandrina - Brain Coral
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30
Q

Animals in Phylum Ctenophora are commonly known as __________ or ____________

A

Sea walnuts
comb jellies

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31
Q

Ctenophores body bears ______ number of external rows of Ciliated comb plates which help in locomotion

A

Eight (8)

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32
Q

___________________ (The property of a living organism to emit light) is well marked in Ctenophores

A

Bioluminescence

eg:- Pleurobrachia and Ctenoplana

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33
Q

Phylum-Platyhelminthes have dorso-ventrally flattened body, hence are called ___________ and are mostly endoparasites- found in animals including human beings

A

Flatworms

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34
Q

**Flatworms are _________ symmetrical, triploblastic and Acoelomate animals with organ level of organisation

A

Bilaterally

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35
Q

Platyhelminthes have Specialised cells called _____________ , which help in Osmoregulation and excretion, sexes are not separate.

A

Flame Cells

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36
Q

Examples of Platyhelminthes are
1.____________
2.____________
3.____________

A

1.Planaria (possess high regeneration capacity)
2. Taenia (Tapeworm)
3.Fasciola(Liver Fluke)

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37
Q

Phylum Aschelminthes have circular body hence , the name is ________________

A

Roundworms

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38
Q

Roundworms (Aschelminthes) have _________ level of body organisation

A

Organ system

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39
Q

Roundworms (Aschelminthes) are _____________ symmetrical, triploblastic and Pseudocoelomate animals

A

Bilaterally

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40
Q

Examples of Aschelminthes are
1.___________
2.___________
3.___________

A

1.Ascaris (Roundworm)
2.Wuchereria (Filaria worm)
3.Ancylostoma (Hookworm)

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41
Q

Phylum Annelida exhibits _________ level of body organisation and bilateral symmetry, they are triploblastic, metamerically segmented Coelomate animals.

A

Organ-system

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42
Q

Annelids body surface is distinctly marked out into Segments or _____________ and , hence the phylum name Annelida (Latin, annulus: Little ring)

A

Metameres

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43
Q

Aquatic annelids like Nereis possess lateral appendages called _________________ which helps in swmming.

A

Parapodia

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44
Q

in Annelids __________________ help in Osmoregulation and excretion

A

Nephridia (sing- Nephridium)

Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism’s body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism’s water content

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45
Q

Nereis, is Dioecious but Earthworm and Leeches are _____________

A

Monoecious

animals which possess both male and female reproductive organs on the animal are known as monoecious. Animals which possess either male reproductive organ or female reproductive organ are known as dioecious

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46
Q

Examples of Phylum - Annelida are
1._________
2._________
3._________

A
  1. Nereis
  2. Pheretima (Earthworm)
  3. Hirudinaria (Blood sucking leech)
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47
Q

Phylum ______________ is the largest phylum of animal kingdom which includes Insects

A

Arthropoda

over two-thirds of all named species on earth are arthropods

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48
Q

The body of Arthropods is covered by _____________ exoskeleton.

A

Chitinous

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49
Q

The body of Arthropods is divided into three parts name as _____________ , ______________ and ____________. They have joined appendages(joint legs)

A

Head
Thorax
Abdomen

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50
Q

In Arthropods the Circulatory system is of ______________ Type

A

Open type

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51
Q

In Arthropods , Excretion takes place through __________________

A

Malpighian tubules

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52
Q

Arthropods are mostly Oviparous
_____________animals reproduce by laying eggs and _____________animals reproduce by giving birth to young ones

A

oviparous
viviparous

53
Q

Economically important Arthropods(insects) are
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Apis (Honey bee)
  2. Bombyx (Silkworm)
  3. Laccifer (Lac insect)
54
Q

Arthropods which acts as Vectors are
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Anopheles
    2.Culex
    3.Aedes
    Mosquitoes

Vectors are living organisms that transmit diseases between individuals

55
Q

Gregarious pest in Arthropod is _____________

A

Locusta (locust)

The pests that live, move or attack the crops or other things collectively in a flock with others company are known as gregarious pest

56
Q

Living Fossil in Arthropod is _____________

A

Limulus(King Crab)

Limulus or the King crab continues to remain unchanged for past 190 million years. Hence it is called living fossil.

57
Q

___________ is the Second Largest animal phylum

A

Mollusca

58
Q

Mollusca have _______________ level of organisation and are Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and Coelomate animals

A

Organ-system

59
Q

Mollusca body is covered by a calcareous shell, muscular foot and ______________

A

Visceral Hump

60
Q

The mouth of molluscs contains a file like rasping organ for feeding , called ____________

A

Radula

61
Q

Examples of molluscs are
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
8

A

1.Pila (Apple Snail)
2.Pinctada (Pearl oyster)
3.Sepia** (Cuttlefish)
4.Loligo(Squid)
5.Octopus(Devil fish)
6.Aplysia (sea-hare)
7.Dentalium(Tusk shell)
8.Chaetopleura (chiton)

62
Q

Phylum Echinodermata animals have an endoskeleton of calcareous ossicles , the name Echinodermata means ______________

A

Spiny bodies

63
Q

The adult Echinoderms are radially symmetrical but the larval stage of echinoderms are _____________

A

Bilaterally symmetrical

64
Q

Echinoderms Digestive system is ______________ with mouth on the lower(ventral) side and Anus on the upper(dorsal) side.

A

Complete

65
Q

The most distinctive feature of Echinoderms is the presence of ______________________ System which helps in locomotion, capture and transport of food and respiration

A

Water vascular system

66
Q

Examples of Echinoderms are:-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A

Asterias (Star fish)
Echinus (Sea urchin)
Antedon (sea lily)
Cucumaria (Sea cucumber)
Ophiura (Brittle star)

67
Q

Phylum Hemichordata was earlier considered as a sub-phylum under phylum ___________________

A

Chordata

68
Q

Hemichordates have a rudimentary (undeveloped or vestigial) structure in the collar region called _______________, similar to Notochord, and have Organ-system level of organisation.

A

Stomochord

69
Q

Hemichordates body is cylindrical and is composed of an anterior ______________ , a Collar and a long trunk. Circulatory system is Open type

A

Proboscis

70
Q

Excretory organ in Hemichordates is ________________.

A

Proboscis Gland

71
Q

______________ and _______________ are the animals which belongs to phylum hemichordata

A

Blanoglossus and Saccoglossus

72
Q

Phylum chordata is characterised by the presence of a Notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord and ______________

A

Paired pharyngeal gill slits

73
Q

Central nervous system is dorsal, hollow and single in _____________
Central nervous system is ventral, solid and double in _____________

A

Chordates

Non Chordates

74
Q

The ____________ is a rod-like structure made of a cartilage-like substance that is found in the early embryonic stages of all chordates. Some organisms retain a _____________ into adulthood, whereas vertebrates develop a vertebral column made of bone or cartilage.

A

Notochord

Notochord

75
Q

Phylum Chordata is divided into three sub-phyla i.e Urochordata(Tunicata) , Cephalochordata and ______________

A

Vertebrata

76
Q

Subphyla Urochordata and Cephalochordata are often referred as ______________

A

Protochordates

77
Q

In **Urochordata (Tunicata), the notochord is present only in ___________ ,
while in Cephalochordata, it extends from head to tail region and is remain throughout their life.

A

Larval Tail

78
Q

Ascidia, Salpa and Doliolum belongs to _____________

Branchiostoma (Amphioxus or Lancelet) belongs to _______________

A

Urochordata

Cephalochordata

79
Q

All the members of subphylum vertebrata possess Notochord during the ______________. The notochord is replaced by a cartilaginous or bony _____________

A

Embryonic period

note:- (thus all the vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates)

Vertebral column

80
Q

Subphylum Vertebrata divides in to two(2) Division
1.Agnatha (Lack jaw)

  1. ____________
A

Gnathostomata (bear jaws)

81
Q

Class Cyclostomata comes under Division _____________

A

Agnatha (Lack jaw)

82
Q

Cyclostomata are ectoparasites on some fishes. They have an elongated body bearing 6-15 pairs of _____________ for respiration . they have without jaw mouth

A

Gill slits

83
Q

Cyclostomes are marine but migrate for spawning to ___________. After spawning, within a few days, they die. Their larvae, after metamorphosis, return to the ocean.

A

Fresh water

Petromyzon (Lamprey) and Myxine (hagfish)

84
Q

Division Gnathostomata further divides in two(2) Super Class ___________ and ________________

A

Pisces(Bear Fins)

Tetrapoda (Bear Limbs)

85
Q

Super Class Pisces further divides in two Classes ______________ and _____________

A

Chondrichthyes(Cartilaginous fishes)

Osteichthyes (Bony Fishes)

86
Q

Chondrichthyes have cartilaginous endoskeleton. Mouth is located ventrally. Gill slits are separate and without ___________ (gill cover)

A

Operculum(gill cover)

87
Q

Chondrichthyes skin containing minute ____________ scales, Air bladder is __________ , they have to swim constantly to avoid sinking.

A

Placoid
Absent

88
Q

In Chondrichthyes heart is ___________ chambered (_________ auricle and _______ventricle)

A

Two
One
One

89
Q

Some Chondrichthyes like Torpedo have ______________ organs, and some like Trygon posses ___________

A

*Electric**

Poison sting

90
Q

Chondrichthyes are cold-blooded (____________)

A

Poikilothermous
(They cant regulate their body temperature)

91
Q

Chondrichthyes have internal fertilisation and many of them are _______________

A

Viviparous (give birth to young ones)

92
Q

Chondrichthyes examples are
1.
2.
3.
4.

A

1.Scoliodon (dog fish)
2.Pristis(Saw fish)
3. Carcharodon (Great white shark)
4. Trygon (Sting ray)

93
Q

Osteichthyes(Bony Fish) , mouth is mostly Terminal. They have four pairs of gills which are covered by an ____________ on each side

A

Operculum

94
Q

Osteichthyes skin is covered with ___________ scales.

A

Cycloid/ctenoid

95
Q

In Osteichthyes(Bony fish) Air bladder is present which regulates ________________

A

Buoyancy

96
Q

In Osteichthyes(Bony fish) , Firtilisation is usually _____________, They are mostly Oviparous (Lay eggs)

A

External

97
Q

examples of Marine and Freshwater Osteichthyes(Bony fish) are

A

Marine- Exocoetus (Flying fish) , Hippocampus (sea horse)

Freshwater - Labeo(Rohu) ,Catla (katla), Clarias (Magur)

98
Q

examples of Aquarium Osteichthyes(Bony fish) are

A

Pterophyllum(Angel fish) and Betta (fighting fish)

99
Q

Class _________ , animal can live in aquatic as well as terrestrial habitats

A

Amphibians

100
Q

In Amphibians the heart is _________ chambered (_________ auricles and ________ ventricle)

A

Three
two
One

101
Q

examples of Amphibians and their common names are
1. Bufo (___________)
2. Rana (___________)
3. Hyla (___________)
4. Salamandra (__________)
5. Ichthyophis (_______________)

A
  1. Bufo (Toad)
  2. Rana (Frog)
  3. Hyla (Tree Frog)
  4. Salamandra (Salamander)
  5. Ichthyophis (Limbless amphibia)
102
Q

The Class name _______________ refers to their creeping or crawling mode of locomotion (Latin, repere or reptum , to creep or crawl)

A

Reptilia

103
Q

Reptiles are mostly terretrial animals and their body is covered by dry and cornified skin, epidermal __________ or ________

A

Scales
Scutes

104
Q

In Reptiles heart is mostly _________ chambered, but ________ chambered in Crocodile

A

Three (two auricle, one ventricle)
Four (two auricle, two ventricle)

105
Q

Common name of these reptiles are
Chelone (____________)
Testudo (____________)
Chameleon (__________)
Calotes (__________)
Crocodilus (__________)
Alligator (______________)

A

Chelone (Turtle)
Testudo (Tortoise)
Chameleon (Tree lizard)
Calotes (Garden lizard)
Crocodilus (Crocodile)
Alligator (Alligator)

106
Q

common name of Poisonous snakes of class Reptilia
Naja (__________)
Bangarus (________)
Vipera (_________)

A

Naja (Cobra)
Bangarus (Krait)
Vipera (Viper)

107
Q

Class Aves(birds), most characteristic features are the presence of ____________ and most of them can fly except flightless bird __________

A

feathers

Ostrich

108
Q

In Class Aves(birds), forelimbs are modified into _____________

A

Wings

109
Q

In Class Aves(birds), Skin is dry without Glands except the _________ glands at the Base of the tail

A

Oil glands

110
Q

In Class Aves(birds), endoskeleton is fully made up of bones and the long bones are hollow with _____________

A

Air Cavities(Pneumatic)

111
Q

The digestive tract of the birds has additional chambers, ________ and ____________

A

Crop

Gizzard

112
Q

In birds , heart is __________ chambered and they are warm-blooded(________________)

A

Four- Chambered
Homoiothermous -warm blooded (they are able to maintain a constant body temperature

113
Q

Scientific name of birds
Crow__________
Pigeon_________
Parrot__________
Ostrich_________
Peacock___________
Penguin__________
Vulture __________
is

A

crow- Corvus
Pigeon- Columba
Parrot- Psittacula
Ostrich- Struthio
Peacock- Pavo
Penguin- Aptenodytes
Vulture- Neophron

114
Q

The most unique class-mammalia animal characteristic is the presence of milk producing glands called ______________

A

Mammary glands

115
Q

The Skin of mammals is unique in possessing ____________, external ears or __________ are present

A

Hair
Pinnae

116
Q

Mammals are Viviparous with exception ________________, which is Oviparous

A

Ornithorhynchus (platypus)

Oviparous means -egg laying mammal

117
Q

Scientific name of Viviparous mammals
Kangaroo ___________
Flying fox ___________
Camel ____________
Monkey ___________
Rat _____________
Dog _____________
Cat _____________
Elephant _____________
Horse ________________
Common dolphin ____________
Blue whale ________________
Tiger _______________
Lion _________________

A

Kangaroo- Macropus
Flying fox- Pteropus
Camel- Camelus
Monkey- Macaca
Rat- Rattus
Dog- Canis
Cat- Felis
Elephant- Elephas
Horse- Equus
Common dolphin- Delphinus
Blue whale- Balaenoptera
Tiger- Panthera tigris
Lion- Panthera leo

118
Q

___________ is the phylum where Level of organisation is Cellular, and Distinctive feature is Body with pores and canals in wall

A

Porifera

119
Q

___________ is the phylum where
Level of organisation is Tissue
Symmetry is Radial
Digestive system is incomplete

Distinctive feature is Cnidoblastscells

A

Coelenterata (Cnidaria)

120
Q

___________ is the phylum where
Level of organisation is Tissue
Symmetry is Radial
Digestive system is incomplete

Distinctive feature is Comb plates for locomotioncells

A

Ctenophora

121
Q

___________ is the phylum where
Level of organisation is Organ and organ system
Symmetry is Bilateral
Digestive system is incomplete

Distinctive feature is Flat body and suckerscells

A

Platyhelminthes

122
Q

___________ is the phylum where
Level of organisation is Organ system
Symmetry is Bilateral
Coelom is Pseudocoelomate
Digestive system is Complete

Distinctive feature is Worm shaped, round and elongatedcells

A

Aschelminthes

123
Q

___________ is the phylum where
Level of organisation is Organ system
Symmetry is Bilateral
Coelom is coelomate
Segmentation is present
Digestive system is Complete
Circulatory system is present

Distinctive feature is Body segmentation like ringscells

A

Annelida

124
Q

___________ is the phylum where
Level of organisation is Organ system
Symmetry is Bilateral
Coelom is coelomate
Segmentation is present
Digestive system is Complete
Circulatory system is present
–>Respiratory system* is present

Distinctive feature is exoskeleton of cuticle, jointed appendagescells

A

Arthropoda

125
Q

___________ is the phylum where
Level of organisation is Organ system
Symmetry is Bilateral
Coelom is coelomate
Digestive system is Complete
Circulatory system is present
–>Respiratory system is present

Distinctive feature is external skeleton of shell usually presentcells

A

Mollusca

126
Q

___________ is the phylum where
Level of organisation is Organ system
Symmetry is Radial
Coelom is coelomate
Digestive system is Complete
Circulatory system is present
–>Respiratory system is present

Distinctive feature is Water vascular system, radial symmetrycells

A

Echinodermata

127
Q

___________ is the phylum where
Level of organisation is Organ system
Symmetry is Bilateral
Coelom is coelomate
Digestive system is Complete
Circulatory system is present
–>Respiratory system is present

Distinctive feature is Worm-like with proboscis, collar and trunkcells

A

HemiChordata

128
Q

___________ is the phylum where
Level of organisation is Organ system
Symmetry is Bilateral
Coelom is coelomate
–>Segmentation is present
Digestive system is Complete
Circulatory system is present
–>Respiratory system is present

Distinctive feature is Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, gill slits with limbs or finscells

A

Chordata

Biology XI (19 decks)

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