Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Question 1

MELVIN CALVIN born in Minnesota in April, 1911 received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of ___________________

Answer 1

Minnesota

Question 2

Melvin Calvin with co-worker J. A. Bassham studied reactions in green plants forming Sugar and other substances from raw materials like Carbon dioxide, water and minerals by labelling the carbon dioxide with _____________

Answer 2

C¹⁴

Question 3

Calvin proposed that plants change light energy to __________ energy by transferring ___________ in an organised array of Pigment molecule and other substances.

Answer 3

Chemical energy
Electron

Question 4

The Mapping of the Pathway of carbon assimilation in photosynthesis earned Calvin Noble Prize in ________

Answer 4

1961

Question 5

The principle of photosynthesis is established by ______________

Answer 5

Calvin

Question 6

The green Plants make or rather synthesize the food they need through photosynthesis and are therefore called ___________

Answer 6

Autotrophs

Question 7

All other organisms that depend on the green plants for food are called _____________

Answer 7

Heterotrophs

Question 8

Green Plants carry out ___________, a physico-chemical process by which they use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds.

Answer 8

‘Photosynthesis”

Question 9

KOH soaked cotton , which absorbs ___________

Answer 9

CO₂

Note:- experiment you may carried out where a part of a leaf is enclosed in a test tube containing some KOH. on testing for the presence of starch later in the two pars of the leaf, you must have found that the exposed part of the leaf tested positive for starch while the portion that was in the tube, tested negative. This showed that CO₂ was required for Photosynthesis

Question 10

Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) in 1770 performed a series of experiments that revealed the essential role of air in the growth of green plants. Discovered Oxygen in ______________

Answer 10

1774

Question 11

Similar setup as the one used by Priestley, But by placing it once in the dark and once in the Sunlight, ________________(1730-1799) showed that ________________ is essential to the plant process that somehow purifies the air fouled by burning candles or breathing animals.

Answer 11

Jan Ingenhousz

Sunlight

Question 12

In 1854 Julius von Sachs provided evidence for production of Glucose when plants grow, _____________ is usually stored as Starch

Answer 12

Glucose

Question 13

T.W Engelmann(1843-1909) done experiment using a prism he split light into its spectral components and then illuminated a Green alga,___________ , placed in a suspension of aerobic bacteria. The bacterial were used to detect the sites of **O₂ evolution. He observed that the bacteria accumulated mainly in the region of ____________ and ____________ light of the split spectrum.

Answer 13

*Cladophora

Blue
Red

Question 14

Microbiologist, Cornelius van Niel(1897-1985) who based on his studies of __________ and ____________ bacteria, demonstrated that Photosynthesis is essentially a light dependent reaction in which hydrogen from a suitable oxidizable compound reduces Carbon dioxide to Carbohydrate

Answer 14

Purple
Green

Question 15

In green plants H₂O is the ___________ donor and is oxidised to ____________

Answer 15

Hydrogen donor
O₂

Question 16

Cornelius Van Niel inferred that the O₂ evolved by the green plant comes from __________ not from carbon dioxide

Answer 16

H₂O

Question 17

The correct equation, that would represent the overall process of Photosynthesis is

6CO₂ + (__________) ——-Light——> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂O + 6O₂

Answer 17

12 H₂O

Question 18

The O₂ released is from water; this was proved using ____________techniques

Answer 18

radio isotope

Question 19

The ____________ cells in the leaves, have a large number of chloroplasts

Answer 19

Mesophyll

Question 20

Within the chloroplast there is membranous system consisting of grana, the Stroma Lamellae and the _______________

Answer 20

Matrix stroma

Question 21

The membrane system is responsible for trapping the light energy and also for the synthesis of __________ and ___________

Answer 21

ATP

NADPH

Question 22

In ____________ , enzymatic reactions synthesise Sugar which in turn forms Starch

Answer 22

Stroma

Question 23

The set of reactions, that are directly light driven are called _____________ and the reactions are not directly light driven but are dependent on the products of light reactions (ATP and NADPH) are called ___________________

Answer 23

Light Reactions(Photochemical reactions)

Dark reactions (Carbon Reactions)

Note:- Dark reactions not be construed to mean that they occur in darkness or that they are not light-dependent.
Its just a name given

Question 24

There are _________ type of leaf Pigments

Answer 24

Four

Question 25

Leaf Pigments and their chromatogram colors are:-
1.___________
2.___________
3.___________
4.___________

Answer 25

Chlorophyll a (Bright or blue green)
Chlorophyll b (Yellow green)
Xanthophylls (Yellow)
Carotenoids (yellow to yellow-orange)

Question 26

Technique use to separate the leaf pigments is __________________

Answer 26

Paper Chromatography

Question 27

Pigments are substances that have an ability to absorb light, at specific ______________

Answer 27

Wavelengths

Question 28

Chlorophyll _____ is the chief pigment associated with Photosynthesis
there is maximum absorption by this pigment in the blue and the red region in spectrum of light

Answer 28

Chlorophyll a

Question 29

The most of the Photosynthesis takes place in the _________ and _____________ regions of the spectrum some photosynthesis does takes place at the other wavelengths of the visible spectrum

Answer 29

Blue
Red

Question 30

Thylakoid pigment like Chlorophyll b , Xanthophylls and Carotenoids, are called ________________ Pigments. they also protect Chlorophyll a from Photo-Oxidation

Answer 30

Accessory pigments

Question 31

The __________________ phase includes light absorption, water splitting , oxygen release and the formation of high-energy chemical intermediates ATP and NADPH

Answer 31

Photochemical

Question 32

The pigments are organised into two discrete photochemical LHC(______________________) within the Photosystem I (PS I) and Photosystem II(PS II)

Answer 32

Light harvesting complex

Question 33

The LHC are made up of hundreds of pigment molecules bound to Proteins. Each Photosystem has all the pigments (except one molecule of ______________) forming a light harvesting system also called antennae

Answer 33

Chlorophyll a

Question 34

The single chlorophyll a molecule forms the ____________________ .This is different in both eh photosystems

Answer 34

reaction centre

Question 35

In PS I the reaction centre Chlorophyll a has an absorption peak at ______*nm hence is called P________

In PS II the reaction centre Chlorophyll a has an absorption peak at ______*nm hence is called P________

Answer 35

700 , P700

680 , P680