Chapter 57 & 58

Question 1

A ___ consists of populations of different species living in the same area.

Answer 1

community

Question 2

The ___ ___ of a community includes:

• Species richness
• Relative abundance

Answer 2

species diversity

Question 3

___ ___ - number of species

Answer 3

Species richness

Question 4

___ ___ of different species

Answer 4

relative abundance

Question 5

___ ___ - interactions between species

-Interactions between species affects the evolution of the species.

Answer 5

Interspecific interactions

Question 6

___ involves interactions between species. It involves reciprocal genetic change.

Answer 6

Coevolution

Question 7

___ ___ can have positive, negative, or neutral effects on a population’s density.

Answer 7

Interspecific interactions

Question 8

Animals have evolved many defenses against predators including: (5)

Answer 8

Cryptic coloration and behavior 
Deceptive coloration
Startle defenses
Mechanical and chemical defenses
Aposematic coloration

Question 9

camouflage

Answer 9

Cryptic coloration and behavior

Question 10

warning coloration

Answer 10

Aposematic coloration

Question 11

one or more species that resemble one another

Answer 11

mimicry

Question 12

a harmless species that resembles a dangerous or unpalatable species

Answer 12

Batesian mimicry

Question 13

unpalatable or dangerous species resembling one-another

Answer 13

Mullerian mimicry

Question 14

some species will completely exclude another species in a habitat

Answer 14

Competitive exclusion principle

Question 15

___ ___ is the total of an organism’s use of abiotic and biotic resources in it’s environment.

Answer 15

Ecological niche

Question 16

resources that can theoretically be used by an organism

Answer 16

Fundamental niche

Question 17

resources that are actually used by an organism

Answer 17

Realized niche

Question 18

a constant state (equilibrium) a community may reach

Answer 18

stability

Question 19

natural or from human activities

-they have major effects on communities

Answer 19

disturbances

Question 20

the replacement of species over time

Answer 20

Ecological succession

Question 21

begins in a lifeless area like a new volcanic island

Answer 21

Primary succession

Question 22

begins after a disturbance

Answer 22

Secondary succession

Question 23

the study of the distribution of species and communities

-Founded by Wallace

Answer 23

Biogeography

Question 24

Applied to physical islands or islands of biodiversity such as National Parks.
Principles of Island Biogeography:
1. Species richness ___ with island size
2. Species richness ___ with increasing distance from a source

Answer 24

increases

decreases