Chapter 28 Flashcards
protists are ___
eukaryotes
protists are the oldest eukaryotes, over ___ years ago
2 billion
protists include: (3)
- animal like species- protozoa
- photosynthetic species- algae
- fungus-like species- slime molds
most protists are ___, some are ___, and some are ___
unicellular
colonial
multicellular
many protists are mobile using ___ and ___
cilia
flagella
protists reproduce ___ and ___
asexually
sexually
most are free-___, some are ___ including parasites
living
symbiotic
what do eukaryotes have that protists do not?
- mitochondria
- chloroplasts
- mitosis- cell division
- meiosis- produces gametes
- sex
- 9 + 2 flagella
- cytoskeleton
origin of eukaryotes was through ___ and ___
- infolding of plasma membranes of an ancestral prokaryote
- endosymbiosis
one type of bacteria started living inside others- origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts
endosymbiosis
- named after disc-shaped mitochondrial cristae
- many phagocytize their food
- includes parasites such as Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia lamblia and the Euglenoids and Kinetoplastids
supergroup discoba
heterotrophs but some are photosynthetic as well. they have ribbon-like protein strips below their plasma membranes
euglenoids
have kinetoplasts, a mass of extranuclear DNA. they include the parasite Trypanosoma that causes African sleeping sickness
kinetoplastids
includes red algae, green algae, plants, cryptomonads, and haptophytes
-has plastids with 2 envelop membranes
supergroup land plants and relatives
most red algae are ___ and ___
marine
multicellular
most green algae live in ___. they are ___ ___, ___, and ___
freshwater
single celled
colonial
multicellular
cryptomonads are ___ ___. they live in ___ and ___.
important source of food for ___ animals.
unicellular flagellates
marine, freshwater
aquatic
haptophytes are ___. they live in ___. some have ___.
-include coccolithophorids that are covered with calcium carbonate discs (coccoliths)
unicellular
marine
flagella
includes dinoflagellates, ciliates, and apicomplexans
-have sac-like membranous vesicles called alveoli
supergroup alveolata
- 2 flagella
- a major component of phytoplankton (photosynthetic plankton)
- toxic species like Pfiesteria cause red tides
dinoflagellates
- live in freshwater
- they have cilia, short projections used for propulsion
- they have very complex cells
ciliates
- parasites of animals
- includes species of Plasmodium that cause malaria
apicomplexans
- includes diatoms, water mold, brown algae, and golden algae
- have flagellar hairs and plastids derived from red algae
supergroup stramenopila
- yellow or brown in color
- have glass like cell walls
- common in freshwater and marine waters
diatoms
- the largest algae
- all multicellular, mostly marine
- includes kelp
brown algae
- fungus like
- a downy mildew caused the irish potato blight
water molds, white rusts, and downy mildews
- colonial
- live in freshwater and marine water
golden algae
many types of protists move and feed with structures called ___
pseudopodia
- includes amoebas and slime molds
- utilize pseudopodia
supergroup amoebozoa
mostly free-living, some are parasitic
amoebas
- live as an amoeboid mass called a plasmodium
- some are brightly colored
plasmodial slime molds
live as single cells, form multicellular fruiting bodies
cellular slime molds
- includes radiolarians, foraminiferans, and chlorarachniophyta
- they have thin hair-like (filose) pseudopodia
supergroup rhizaria
- have plastids derived from green algae
- tropical
chlorarachniophyta
have glassy skeletons, many are planktonic
radiolarians
-have porous shells of calcium carbonate, constituent of sedimentary rock
foraminiferans (forams)
- have swimming cells possessing a single posterior flagellum
- includes animals, fungi, and choanoflagellates
supergroup opisthokonta
- have a “collar” and a single flagellum
- single-celled and colonial
- closely related to animals
choanoflagellates
