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BIO 113 > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

protists are ___

A

eukaryotes

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2
Q

protists are the oldest eukaryotes, over ___ years ago

A

2 billion

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3
Q

protists include: (3)

A
  1. animal like species- protozoa
  2. photosynthetic species- algae
  3. fungus-like species- slime molds
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4
Q

most protists are ___, some are ___, and some are ___

A

unicellular
colonial
multicellular

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5
Q

many protists are mobile using ___ and ___

A

cilia

flagella

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6
Q

protists reproduce ___ and ___

A

asexually

sexually

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7
Q

most are free-___, some are ___ including parasites

A

living

symbiotic

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8
Q

what do eukaryotes have that protists do not?

A
  • mitochondria
  • chloroplasts
  • mitosis- cell division
  • meiosis- produces gametes
  • sex
  • 9 + 2 flagella
  • cytoskeleton
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9
Q

origin of eukaryotes was through ___ and ___

A
  • infolding of plasma membranes of an ancestral prokaryote

- endosymbiosis

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10
Q

one type of bacteria started living inside others- origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

endosymbiosis

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11
Q
  • named after disc-shaped mitochondrial cristae
  • many phagocytize their food
  • includes parasites such as Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia lamblia and the Euglenoids and Kinetoplastids
A

supergroup discoba

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12
Q

heterotrophs but some are photosynthetic as well. they have ribbon-like protein strips below their plasma membranes

A

euglenoids

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13
Q

have kinetoplasts, a mass of extranuclear DNA. they include the parasite Trypanosoma that causes African sleeping sickness

A

kinetoplastids

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14
Q

includes red algae, green algae, plants, cryptomonads, and haptophytes
-has plastids with 2 envelop membranes

A

supergroup land plants and relatives

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15
Q

most red algae are ___ and ___

A

marine

multicellular

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16
Q

most green algae live in ___. they are ___ ___, ___, and ___

A

freshwater
single celled
colonial
multicellular

17
Q

cryptomonads are ___ ___. they live in ___ and ___.

important source of food for ___ animals.

A

unicellular flagellates
marine, freshwater
aquatic

18
Q

haptophytes are ___. they live in ___. some have ___.

-include coccolithophorids that are covered with calcium carbonate discs (coccoliths)

A

unicellular
marine
flagella

19
Q

includes dinoflagellates, ciliates, and apicomplexans

-have sac-like membranous vesicles called alveoli

A

supergroup alveolata

20
Q
  • 2 flagella
  • a major component of phytoplankton (photosynthetic plankton)
  • toxic species like Pfiesteria cause red tides
A

dinoflagellates

21
Q
  • live in freshwater
  • they have cilia, short projections used for propulsion
  • they have very complex cells
A

ciliates

22
Q
  • parasites of animals

- includes species of Plasmodium that cause malaria

A

apicomplexans

23
Q
  • includes diatoms, water mold, brown algae, and golden algae
  • have flagellar hairs and plastids derived from red algae
A

supergroup stramenopila

24
Q
  • yellow or brown in color
  • have glass like cell walls
  • common in freshwater and marine waters
A

diatoms

25
Q
  • the largest algae
  • all multicellular, mostly marine
  • includes kelp
A

brown algae

26
Q
  • fungus like

- a downy mildew caused the irish potato blight

A

water molds, white rusts, and downy mildews

27
Q
  • colonial

- live in freshwater and marine water

A

golden algae

28
Q

many types of protists move and feed with structures called ___

A

pseudopodia

29
Q
  • includes amoebas and slime molds

- utilize pseudopodia

A

supergroup amoebozoa

30
Q

mostly free-living, some are parasitic

A

amoebas

31
Q
  • live as an amoeboid mass called a plasmodium

- some are brightly colored

A

plasmodial slime molds

32
Q

live as single cells, form multicellular fruiting bodies

A

cellular slime molds

33
Q
  • includes radiolarians, foraminiferans, and chlorarachniophyta
  • they have thin hair-like (filose) pseudopodia
A

supergroup rhizaria

34
Q
  • have plastids derived from green algae

- tropical

A

chlorarachniophyta

35
Q

have glassy skeletons, many are planktonic

A

radiolarians

36
Q

-have porous shells of calcium carbonate, constituent of sedimentary rock

A

foraminiferans (forams)

37
Q
  • have swimming cells possessing a single posterior flagellum
  • includes animals, fungi, and choanoflagellates
A

supergroup opisthokonta

38
Q
  • have a “collar” and a single flagellum
  • single-celled and colonial
  • closely related to animals
A

choanoflagellates

BIO 113 (21 decks)

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