Chapter 32 Flashcards
Animal Characteristics
- animals are all ___
- animals are all chemo___
- most animals ___ their food
- animals have no ___ ___
- animals use ___ ___ for support
- most animals have a ___ system
- most animals have a ___ system
- multicellular
- chemoheterotrophs
- ingest
- cell walls
- structural proteins
- nervous
- muscular
most animals utilize ___ reproduction, although ___ reproduction is not rare
- sexual
- asexual
animals have a small, motile and flagellated, male reproductive cell called ___
sperm
animals have a large non-motile female reproductive cell called ___
egg
the haploid reproductive cells fuse to form a ___
zygote
the zygote starts dividing and forms into ___, a multicellular hollow ball
blastula
___ occurs next forming embryonic tissues, this stage is called the ___
- Gastrulation
- gastrula
many animals have a ___ stage, an early non-reproductive stage
larval
animals without tissue
-sponges are the only living examples
parazoa
animals with tissues
-all animals except sponges
eumetazoa
a group of cells with similar structure and function
tissues
___ are divided into 2 groups based on their symmetry which are ___ and ___
Eumetazoa
-radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry
radial symmetry
- have a ___ and ___ but no head end or rear and no left and right
- live in ___
- ___- jellyfish and comb jellies
- top and bottom
- water
- Radiata
Bilateral symmetry
- ___ symmetry
- have a ___ and a ___ side
- have a ___ and a ___
- have a ___ and a ___
- bilateral animals tend to concentrate sensory organs in their anterior end (___)
- two-sided
- left, right
- top, bottom
- front, back
- cephalization
during ___, different layers of tissue develop
3
gastrulation
-ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm
- the outer tissue layer
- gives rise to the outer covering of animals
ectoderm
- the inner layer
- gives rise to the digestive tract and associated organs
endoderm
found between the ectoderm and the endoderm
- forms the muscles and many of the organs
- not found in the radiate (cnidarians and ctenophores)
mesoderm
bilateral animals are divided into 3 different groups based on body cavities which are…
acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and coelomates
- have a solid body with no cavities between the layers of tissue
- example: flatworms
acoelomates
- have a cavity (pseudocoelom) between the endoderm and the mesoderm
- includes rotifers and roundworms
pseudocoelomates
have a cavity (coelom) surrounded by the mesoderm
coelomates
there are two groups of coelomates based on embryonic development: ___ and ___
protostomes
deuterostomes
the zygote cleavage of protostomes is ___ and ___
spiral
determinate
the zygote cleavage of deuterstomes is ___ and ___
radial
indeterminate
the process of gastrulation forms the first opening, the ___
blastopore
in protostomes the blastopore develops into the ___
mouth
in deuterstomes the blastopore develops into the ___
anus
