Chapter 31 Flashcards
fungi are eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
eukaryotic
fungi are unicellular, multicellular, or both?
both unicellular and multicellular
fungi are chemo…
chemoheterotrophs
fungi were once classified with ___ but are more closely related to ___
plants
animals
fungi utilize ___ to obtain nutrition, they absorb nutrients from their surroundings
absorption
fungi secrete powerful ___ that breakdown more complex molecules to simpler molecules that can be absorbed
enzymes
what are the three absorptive modes for fungi?
saprobic fungi
parasitic fungi
mutualistic fungi
decomposers who absorb nutrients from non-living organic materials
-example: wood rot fungi
saprobic fungi
absorb organic material from living cells
-example: tree pathogenetic fungi
parasitic fungi
fungi associated with plant roots and lichens
mutualistic fungi
fungal haustoria ___ plant cells
parasitize
the bodies of multicellular fungi are made up of ___
hyphae
the hyphae is ___
thread-like
the ___ has an outer wall surrounding the cells
hyphae
the hyphae are arranged into a mass called a ___
mycelium
the cell walls of fungi are constricted of ___ (except Cryptomycota)
chitin
the hyphae of many fungi have pore filled walls called ___
septa
fungi produce ___ to reproduce themselves. ___ can be produced sexually and asexually.
spores
spores
the hyphae of fungi are ___
haploid
the ___ stage of fungi is usually brief
diploid
fungi have ___ or ___ stages when the haploid nuclei of the parents do not fuse
heterokaryotic
dikaryotic
phylum Cryptomycota
- ___ ___ cells
- found in ___ and ___
- no chitin
single flagellated
water, soil
- POLYPHYLETIC
- mostly aquatic
- saprobes and parasites
- include a very serious amphibian parasite
Chytrids
- single-celled parasites of animals
- includes a honeybee parasite
microsporidia
phylum zygomycota
- ___ fungi
- mostly terrestrial
- some are ___ and some are ___
- form ___ a thick-walled structure that is resistant to drought and freezing temperatures
zygote
saprobes, parasites
zygosporangium
___ are mutualistic fungi associated with the roots of most plants
mycorrhizae
- belong to more than one phylum
- increase the absorptive surface of plant roots
- are crucial for the survival of many plants
mycorrhizal fungi
phylum glomeromycetes
-the ___ (___ ___) fungi
-only about 160 species but very important
-all species have ___ (tree-shaped) mycorrhizae
they are found in the roots of about 90% of all plants
AM (arbuscular mycorrhizal)
arbuscular
phylum ascomycetes
- ___ fungi
- largest phylum
- marine, freshwater, and terrestrial (most common) habitats
- wide range in ___ and ___
- includes morels, truffles, black molds, blue-green molds, yeasts, and many others
sac
size, shape
sac fungi include many plant ___ including Dutch elm disease and chestnut blight
parasites
sac fungi produce sexual spores in sac-like structures called ___
asci
the fruiting body is called an ___
ascocarp
phylum basidiomycetes
- ___ fungi
- mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs, rusts, and others
- terrestrial
- named after ___ the transient diploid stage of these fungi
- the fruiting bodies of club fungi are called basidiocarps- the basidia that form sexual spores
- mushrooms are basidiocarps
club
basidia
magic mushroom
toxic amanita
___ are saprobes and parasites from more than one phylum of fungi
molds
___ are single celled fungi
-they ferment sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide
yeasts
- a symbiotic association of a fungus and a green algae or cyanobacteria
- the algae produces sugar through photosynthesis
- the fungus provides support, retention of nutrients, and secretes acids to free-up minerals from their substrate
lichens
