Chapter 31

Question 1

fungi are eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 1

eukaryotic

Question 2

fungi are unicellular, multicellular, or both?

Answer 2

both unicellular and multicellular

Question 3

fungi are chemo…

Answer 3

chemoheterotrophs

Question 4

fungi were once classified with ___ but are more closely related to ___

Answer 4

plants

animals

Question 5

fungi utilize ___ to obtain nutrition, they absorb nutrients from their surroundings

Answer 5

absorption

Question 6

fungi secrete powerful ___ that breakdown more complex molecules to simpler molecules that can be absorbed

Answer 6

enzymes

Question 7

what are the three absorptive modes for fungi?

Answer 7

saprobic fungi
parasitic fungi
mutualistic fungi

Question 8

decomposers who absorb nutrients from non-living organic materials
-example: wood rot fungi

Answer 8

saprobic fungi

Question 9

absorb organic material from living cells

-example: tree pathogenetic fungi

Answer 9

parasitic fungi

Question 10

fungi associated with plant roots and lichens

Answer 10

mutualistic fungi

Question 11

fungal haustoria ___ plant cells

Answer 11

parasitize

Question 12

the bodies of multicellular fungi are made up of ___

Answer 12

hyphae

Question 13

the hyphae is ___

Answer 13

thread-like

Question 14

the ___ has an outer wall surrounding the cells

Answer 14

hyphae

Question 15

the hyphae are arranged into a mass called a ___

Answer 15

mycelium

Question 16

the cell walls of fungi are constricted of ___ (except Cryptomycota)

Answer 16

chitin

Question 17

the hyphae of many fungi have pore filled walls called ___

Answer 17

septa

Question 18

fungi produce ___ to reproduce themselves. ___ can be produced sexually and asexually.

Answer 18

spores

spores

Question 19

the hyphae of fungi are ___

Answer 19

haploid

Question 20

the ___ stage of fungi is usually brief

Answer 20

diploid

Question 21

fungi have ___ or ___ stages when the haploid nuclei of the parents do not fuse

Answer 21

heterokaryotic

dikaryotic

Question 22

phylum Cryptomycota

• ___ ___ cells
• found in ___ and ___
• no chitin

Answer 22

single flagellated

water, soil

Question 23

• POLYPHYLETIC
• mostly aquatic
• saprobes and parasites
• include a very serious amphibian parasite

Answer 23

Chytrids

Question 24

• single-celled parasites of animals

- includes a honeybee parasite

Answer 24

microsporidia

Question 25

phylum zygomycota

• ___ fungi
• mostly terrestrial
• some are ___ and some are ___
• form ___ a thick-walled structure that is resistant to drought and freezing temperatures

Answer 25

zygote
saprobes, parasites
zygosporangium

Question 26

___ are mutualistic fungi associated with the roots of most plants

Answer 26

mycorrhizae

Question 27

• belong to more than one phylum
• increase the absorptive surface of plant roots
• are crucial for the survival of many plants

Answer 27

mycorrhizal fungi

Question 28

phylum glomeromycetes
-the ___ (___ ___) fungi
-only about 160 species but very important
-all species have ___ (tree-shaped) mycorrhizae
they are found in the roots of about 90% of all plants

Answer 28

AM (arbuscular mycorrhizal)

arbuscular

Question 29

phylum ascomycetes

• ___ fungi
• largest phylum
• marine, freshwater, and terrestrial (most common) habitats
• wide range in ___ and ___
• includes morels, truffles, black molds, blue-green molds, yeasts, and many others

Answer 29

sac

size, shape

Question 30

sac fungi include many plant ___ including Dutch elm disease and chestnut blight

Answer 30

parasites

Question 31

sac fungi produce sexual spores in sac-like structures called ___

Answer 31

asci

Question 32

the fruiting body is called an ___

Answer 32

ascocarp

Question 33

phylum basidiomycetes

• ___ fungi
• mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs, rusts, and others
• terrestrial
• named after ___ the transient diploid stage of these fungi
• the fruiting bodies of club fungi are called basidiocarps- the basidia that form sexual spores
• mushrooms are basidiocarps

Answer 33

club

basidia

Question 34

magic mushroom

Answer 34

toxic amanita

Question 35

___ are saprobes and parasites from more than one phylum of fungi

Answer 35

molds

Question 36

___ are single celled fungi

-they ferment sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide

Answer 36

yeasts

Question 37

• a symbiotic association of a fungus and a green algae or cyanobacteria
• the algae produces sugar through photosynthesis
• the fungus provides support, retention of nutrients, and secretes acids to free-up minerals from their substrate

Answer 37

lichens