Chapter 56 Flashcards
the number of individuals per unit of area
Density
the pattern of spacing of individuals in a population
dispersion
individuals are arranged in clumps
clumping
even spacing of individuals in a population
uniform
no pattern to the distribution
random
the study of vital statistics that affect a population
demography
Populations have ___, the coexistence of individuals of different generations. Each age group has a certain ___ and ___.
an age structure (age distribution) birth rate (fecundity) death rate`
___ ___ is the time between the birth of an individual and production of their first offspring. In general the larger the species the ___ it is.
Generation time
longer
relatives proportions of each sex
sex ratio
show the number of individuals surviving to a certain life span.
Survivorship curves
The ___ ___ of a species is the traits that affect reproduction and survivorship. Varies highly among different species and within species.
life history
Resources such as food, water, and living space are often limited and this results in a trade-off between ___ and ___
survival
reproduction
organisms that save energy to reproduce just once
- Produce large numbers of offspring
- Tend to have short lives (there are exceptions)
Semelparity
organisms that reproduce many times over their life span
-They produce relatively few offspring at one time (there are exceptions)
Iteroparity
The ___ ___ is the maximum stable population that an environment can support
carrying capacity (K)
