Chapter 29 & 30 Flashcards
the spore is retained in the ___ and develops into the ___. so the ___ develops inside the ___.
sporophyte
gametophyte
gametophyte
sporophyte
single celled and very tough
spores
an embryo with a food supply and a protective coat
seed
- produce megaspores
- megaspores develop into the female gametophyte that contains the egg
- it is a solid structure called the nucellus
Megasporangia
- produce microspores
- microspores develop into male gametophytes (pollen grains) that contain sperm
Microsporangia
___ are sporophyte tissues
-the seed coat is derived from these
integuments
the combination of integuments, nucellus (megasporangium), and megaspore
ovule
once a pollen grain lands on an ___, it extends a ___ ___ into the ___ ___ fertilizing it
ovule
pollen tube
egg nucleus
seed plants are divided into two groups…
gymnosperms
angiosperms
___ means naked seeds
gymnosperm
phylum cycadophyta
- the ___
- have their naked seeks on special leaves (cones)
- ___ plants
cyads
woody
phylum Ginkgophyta
- the ___
- only one living species Ginkgo biloba
- many species during the time of the dinosaurs
- has ___, ___ seeds
- ___ male and female trees
ginkgos
fleshy, fruit-like
separate
phylum coniferophyta
- the ___
- ___ bearing plants
- the largest phylum of ___
- many species have needle-shaped leaves with thick ___ and stomata in pits that make them ___ resistant
- they are ___ plants with ___ cells
conifers cone gymnosperms cuticles drought woody, lignified
conifers include the ___, an odd order of plants that were originally placed in their own phylum
Gnetales
means seed born in a vessel
- the flowering plants
- > 250,000 species
angiosperm
- all flowering plants
- all flowering plants were divided into two classes: monocots and dicots, now there are more
- the 2 major classes are monocots and eudicots
anthophyta
___ include grasses, sedges, lilies, irises, palms, orchids, and others. flower parts in threes or multiples of three
monocots
___ contains most of the old dicot, this includes roses, beans, oaks, maples, asters, buttercups, and many more. Flower parts in fours or fives or multiples of four or five
eudicots
the new classes of the phylum anthophyta (3)
water lilies
magnoliids and relatives
star anise and relatives
___ ___ is the most “primitive” living flowering plant and belongs in a class by itself
amborella trichopoda
xylem cells in angiosperms and gymnosperms that provide support and transport water
tracheids
xylem cells in most angiosperms
-A. trichopoda does not have these
vessel elements
the ___ is the reproductive structure of flowering plants
flower
___ flowers are pollinated by animals
___ flowers are wind pollinated
showy
plain
are located at the bottom of the flower
-usually green, sometimes brightly colored
speals
located above the speals, often brightly colored
petals
___ is the male reproductive organ, it has two parts… (2)
stamen
filament and anther
___: a stalk
___: a terminal sac that produces pollen
filament
anther
- made up of one or more fused carpels
- the female reproductive organ
pistil
what are the 3 parts of the pistil
stigma
style
ovary
- terminal portion of the pistil
- sticky to receive pollen
stigma
tube shaped structure part of the pistil that connects to the stigma and the ovary
style
part of the pistil that contains the ovules that develop into seeds
ovary
flowering plants produce ___ which are mature ovaries. They help protect the seeds.
fruits
many fruits are fleshy and have ___ such as ___, these fruits attract animals and the animals distribute the seed in the fruits
nutrients
sugars
fruit derived from one ovary
- the most common fruit
- may be fleshy or dry
- many variations
simple fruit
develop from a single flower with many carpels
-blackberry, strawberry
aggregate fruit
develop from an inflorescence (multiple flowers)
-pineapple, fig
multiple fruit
angiosperms and some Gnetales have ___ ___
double fertilization
the pollen grain contains 2 sperm nuclei, one fertilizes the egg forming the diploid zygote, the other fuses with 2 nuclei in the ___ ___ forming ___ ___
embryo sac
triploid nucleus
the triploid nucleus forms into the ___, the food supply of the seed
endosperm
