Chapter 40- homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

The basic unit of life is the ___

A

cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most animals are composed of several ___ cells.

A

trillion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Similar cells form ___ and ___ are made up of tissues. Organs are part of ___ ___ like the nervous system or the digestive system.

A

tissues, organs

organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

___ are composed of cells with a common structure and function

A

tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • The cells in this tissue are arranged in continuous sheets of closely packed cells.
  • This tissue covers the external body surfaces, it also lines the body cavities and is found in many organs.
A

Epithelial tissue (epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

composed of flattened cells

A

squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

composed of cube shaped cells

A

Cuboidal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

composed of column shaped cells

A

Columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epithelial cells can be ___ or ___, in other words single layered or multiple layered.

A

simple

stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Some epithelium is ___, it looks stratified but it is really single layered.

A

pseudostratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Some epithelial cells are ___. Much of the respiratory tract is lined with ciliated epithelium, the respiratory tract also secretes ___, the cilia sweep up the mucus and dirt out of the respiratory system.

A

ciliated

mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Connects organs, provides protection, provides support, fills spaces, produces blood cells, and stores fat.
The cells of this tissue are usually surrounded by a matrix of acellular material. The matrix can range from solid to fluid.

A

Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a strong flexible protein

A

collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

very thin collagen fibers – form a support network

A

Reticular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

contain elastin

A

elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fibers are secreted by ___

A

fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

supports and protects organs

A

loose fibrous connective tissue

18
Q

found in tendons and ligaments

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue

19
Q

cells are filled with fat

A

Adipose tissue

20
Q

has fibers embedded in a matrix

21
Q

the most rigid connective tissue

22
Q

contains cells and plasma. Plasma contains mostly water, and gasses, ions, proteins, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and enzymes.

23
Q

Muscular tissue is composed of ___ cells called ___ ___, consisting mostly of ___.

A

long
muscle fibers
proteins

24
Q

what are the three types pf vertebrate muscle

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

25
skeletal muscle - attached to the ___ - ___ cells - function in ___ movement
skeleton striated voluntary
26
cardiac muscle - ___ muscle - ___ muscle - function in ___ movement
heart striated involuntary
27
smooth muscle - found in organs such as the ___ - ___ striations - function in ___ movement
intestines no involuntary
28
conduct signals
neurons
29
neurons have a ___ ___ and extensions called ___ and ___
cell body dendrites axons
30
dendrites carry signals ___ the cell body
to
31
Axons conduct signals ___ the cell body
away from
32
nervous tissue also includes ___ ___ (___ ___)
support cells | glial cells
33
The maintenance of a state of internal stability so that the internal environment so that the internal environment of the cells varies only within certain limits.
homeostasis
34
The organ systems maintain ___
homeostasis
35
Control mechanisms are under ___ ___ and ___ ___
negative feedback positive feedback
36
The amount of energy used by an animal in a unit of time is its ___ ___. Energy is measured in ___ or ___. Dietary Calories are kilocalories.
metabolic rate calories (cal) kilocalories (kcal)
37
The metabolic rate of endotherms at rest is called the ___ ___ ___
basal metabolic rate
38
The metabolic rate of ectotherms fluctuates with the ___ of their surroundings, so they must have their metabolic rate examined at a certain ___.
temperature | temperature
39
The resting, fasting, non-stressed metabolic rate of an ectotherm is called its ___ ___ ___
standard metabolic rate
40
For most animals the ___ their size the ___ their metabolic rate
smaller | greater
41
E = M3/4
energy use in animals