Chapter 40- homeostasis

Question 1

The basic unit of life is the ___

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

Most animals are composed of several ___ cells.

Answer 2

trillion

Question 3

Similar cells form ___ and ___ are made up of tissues. Organs are part of ___ ___ like the nervous system or the digestive system.

Answer 3

tissues, organs

organ systems

Question 4

___ are composed of cells with a common structure and function

Answer 4

tissues

Question 5

• The cells in this tissue are arranged in continuous sheets of closely packed cells.
• This tissue covers the external body surfaces, it also lines the body cavities and is found in many organs.

Answer 5

Epithelial tissue (epithelium)

Question 6

composed of flattened cells

Answer 6

squamous epithelium

Question 7

composed of cube shaped cells

Answer 7

Cuboidal epithelium

Question 8

composed of column shaped cells

Answer 8

Columnar epithelium

Question 9

Epithelial cells can be ___ or ___, in other words single layered or multiple layered.

Answer 9

simple

stratified

Question 10

Some epithelium is ___, it looks stratified but it is really single layered.

Answer 10

pseudostratified

Question 11

Some epithelial cells are ___. Much of the respiratory tract is lined with ciliated epithelium, the respiratory tract also secretes ___, the cilia sweep up the mucus and dirt out of the respiratory system.

Answer 11

ciliated

mucus

Question 12

Connects organs, provides protection, provides support, fills spaces, produces blood cells, and stores fat.
The cells of this tissue are usually surrounded by a matrix of acellular material. The matrix can range from solid to fluid.

Answer 12

Connective tissue

Question 13

a strong flexible protein

Answer 13

collagen fibers

Question 14

very thin collagen fibers – form a support network

Answer 14

Reticular fibers

Question 15

contain elastin

Answer 15

elastic fibers

Question 16

Fibers are secreted by ___

Answer 16

fibroblasts

Question 17

supports and protects organs

Answer 17

loose fibrous connective tissue

Question 18

found in tendons and ligaments

Answer 18

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 19

cells are filled with fat

Answer 19

Adipose tissue

Question 20

has fibers embedded in a matrix

Answer 20

Cartilage

Question 21

the most rigid connective tissue

Answer 21

bone

Question 22

contains cells and plasma. Plasma contains mostly water, and gasses, ions, proteins, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and enzymes.

Answer 22

Blood

Question 23

Muscular tissue is composed of ___ cells called ___ ___, consisting mostly of ___.

Answer 23

long
muscle fibers
proteins

Question 24

what are the three types pf vertebrate muscle

Answer 24

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 25

skeletal muscle

• attached to the ___
• ___ cells
• function in ___ movement

Answer 25

skeleton
striated
voluntary

Question 26

cardiac muscle

• ___ muscle
• ___ muscle
• function in ___ movement

Answer 26

heart
striated
involuntary

Question 27

smooth muscle

• found in organs such as the ___
• ___ striations
• function in ___ movement

Answer 27

intestines
no
involuntary

Question 28

conduct signals

Answer 28

neurons

Question 29

neurons have a ___ ___ and extensions called ___ and ___

Answer 29

cell body
dendrites
axons

Question 30

dendrites carry signals ___ the cell body

Answer 30

to

Question 31

Axons conduct signals ___ the cell body

Answer 31

away from

Question 32

nervous tissue also includes ___ ___ (___ ___)

Answer 32

support cells

glial cells

Question 33

The maintenance of a state of internal stability so that the internal environment so that the internal environment of the cells varies only within certain limits.

Answer 33

homeostasis

Question 34

The organ systems maintain ___

Answer 34

homeostasis

Question 35

Control mechanisms are under ___ ___ and ___ ___

Answer 35

negative feedback positive feedback

Question 36

The amount of energy used by an animal in a unit of time is its ___ ___. Energy is measured in ___ or ___. Dietary Calories are kilocalories.

Answer 36

metabolic rate
calories (cal)
kilocalories (kcal)

Question 37

The metabolic rate of endotherms at rest is called the ___ ___ ___

Answer 37

basal metabolic rate

Question 38

The metabolic rate of ectotherms fluctuates with the ___ of their surroundings, so they must have their metabolic rate examined at a certain ___.

Answer 38

temperature

temperature

Question 39

The resting, fasting, non-stressed metabolic rate of an ectotherm is called its ___ ___ ___

Answer 39

standard metabolic rate

Question 40

For most animals the ___ their size the ___ their metabolic rate

Answer 40

smaller

greater

Question 41

E = M3/4

Answer 41

energy use in animals