Chapter 29

Question 1

___ evolved to live on land

Answer 1

plants

Question 2

plants utilize tough materials like ___ and ___ to support themselves

Answer 2

cellulose

lignin

Question 3

___ in plant leaves regulate water levels

Answer 3

stomata

Question 4

leaves are covered with a waxy ___ to control water loss

Answer 4

cuticle

Question 5

___ are produced by the main metabolic processes of plants

Answer 5

primary plant products

Question 6

primary plant products include ___ (3)

Answer 6

amino acids
nucleic acids
cellulose

Question 7

___ are often specialties of a certain species

Answer 7

secondary plant products

Question 8

secondary plant products include ___ (2)

Answer 8

toxins

waxes

Question 9

plants evolved multicellular reproductive organs called ___

Answer 9

gametangia

Question 10

the gametangia produce the ___, which are the reproductive cells

Answer 10

gametes

Question 11

the life cycle of plants involves ___

Answer 11

alternation of generations

Question 12

one generation is the multicellular, haploid, ___

Answer 12

gametophyte

Question 13

one generation is the multicellular, diploid, ___

Answer 13

sporophyte

Question 14

only ___ and some ___ have a haploid and multicellular form. Animals do not have a ___ haploid form.

Answer 14

plants
algae
multicellular

Question 15

the sporophyte, through the process of ___, produces haploid ___

Answer 15

meiosis

spores

Question 16

the gametophyte, through the process of ___, produces the ___

Answer 16

mitosis

gametes

Question 17

the male gamete fertilizes the female gamete to form a diploid ___

Answer 17

zygote

Question 18

plants are closely related to ___ green algae

Answer 18

streptophyte

Question 19

the bryophytes include the ___, ___, and ___

Answer 19

mosses
liverworts
hornworts

Question 20

bryophytes have NO specialized ___ ___ as do the other plants, this limits their size.

Answer 20

vascular tissue

Question 21

the male gametangium, produces sperm

Answer 21

antheridium

Question 22

the female gametangium, produces eggs

Answer 22

archegonium

Question 23

the structure that produces the spores

Answer 23

sporangium

Question 24

in the___ the gametophyte is the larger form

Answer 24

bryophytes

Question 25

phylum bryophyta

• ___
• grow in mats in ___ places
• Sphagnum moss is very abundant

Answer 25

mosses

damp

Question 26

phylum hepatophyta

• ___
• have ___ that look like the lobes of a ___
• they can reproduce ___ & ___

Answer 26

liverworts
lobes, liver
sexually, asexually

Question 27

phylum anthocerophyta

• ___
• have elongated horn-shaped ___

Answer 27

hornworts

sporophytes

Question 28

vascular plants have two conducting tissues, ___ and ___

Answer 28

xylem

phloem

Question 29

carries water and minerals from the roots

-made from dead cells

Answer 29

xylem

Question 30

carries sugar, amino acids, and other organic nutrients

-formed from living tissues

Answer 30

phloem

Question 31

___ and ___ are the materials that provide support for vascular plants
-___ ___ produce fibers

Answer 31

lignin
cellulose
lignified cells

Question 32

in all of the vascular plants the dominant form is the ___, not the ___ as in the bryophytes

Answer 32

sporophyte

gametophyte

Question 33

there are 2 phyla of seedless vascular plants, ___ and ___

Answer 33

phylum lycophyta

phylum pteridophyta

Question 34

phylum lycophyta

• club ___
• many tropical lycophytes are ___
• epiphytes grow on ___ but are not ___

Answer 34

mosses
epiphytes
trees, parasitic

Question 35

phylum pteridophyte

• ___, horsetails, and whisk ferns
• horsetails
• the gametophytes are ___
• they contain ___- “scouring rushes”
• whisk ferns
• they do not have true leaves of roots

Answer 35

Ferns
free-living
silica

Question 36

-most common seedless vascular plants
~12,000 species
-mostly herbaceous but there are tree ferns in the tropics

Answer 36

ferns

Question 37

most ferns have leaves called ___

Answer 37

fronds

Question 38

the sporangia of most ferns are arranged into clusters called ___

Answer 38

sori