Chapter 29 Flashcards
___ evolved to live on land
plants
plants utilize tough materials like ___ and ___ to support themselves
cellulose
lignin
___ in plant leaves regulate water levels
stomata
leaves are covered with a waxy ___ to control water loss
cuticle
___ are produced by the main metabolic processes of plants
primary plant products
primary plant products include ___ (3)
amino acids
nucleic acids
cellulose
___ are often specialties of a certain species
secondary plant products
secondary plant products include ___ (2)
toxins
waxes
plants evolved multicellular reproductive organs called ___
gametangia
the gametangia produce the ___, which are the reproductive cells
gametes
the life cycle of plants involves ___
alternation of generations
one generation is the multicellular, haploid, ___
gametophyte
one generation is the multicellular, diploid, ___
sporophyte
only ___ and some ___ have a haploid and multicellular form. Animals do not have a ___ haploid form.
plants
algae
multicellular
the sporophyte, through the process of ___, produces haploid ___
meiosis
spores
the gametophyte, through the process of ___, produces the ___
mitosis
gametes
the male gamete fertilizes the female gamete to form a diploid ___
zygote
plants are closely related to ___ green algae
streptophyte
the bryophytes include the ___, ___, and ___
mosses
liverworts
hornworts
bryophytes have NO specialized ___ ___ as do the other plants, this limits their size.
vascular tissue
the male gametangium, produces sperm
antheridium
the female gametangium, produces eggs
archegonium
the structure that produces the spores
sporangium
in the___ the gametophyte is the larger form
bryophytes
phylum bryophyta
- ___
- grow in mats in ___ places
- Sphagnum moss is very abundant
mosses
damp
phylum hepatophyta
- ___
- have ___ that look like the lobes of a ___
- they can reproduce ___ & ___
liverworts
lobes, liver
sexually, asexually
phylum anthocerophyta
- ___
- have elongated horn-shaped ___
hornworts
sporophytes
vascular plants have two conducting tissues, ___ and ___
xylem
phloem
carries water and minerals from the roots
-made from dead cells
xylem
carries sugar, amino acids, and other organic nutrients
-formed from living tissues
phloem
___ and ___ are the materials that provide support for vascular plants
-___ ___ produce fibers
lignin
cellulose
lignified cells
in all of the vascular plants the dominant form is the ___, not the ___ as in the bryophytes
sporophyte
gametophyte
there are 2 phyla of seedless vascular plants, ___ and ___
phylum lycophyta
phylum pteridophyta
phylum lycophyta
- club ___
- many tropical lycophytes are ___
- epiphytes grow on ___ but are not ___
mosses
epiphytes
trees, parasitic
phylum pteridophyte
- ___, horsetails, and whisk ferns
- horsetails
- the gametophytes are ___
- they contain ___- “scouring rushes”
- whisk ferns
- they do not have true leaves of roots
Ferns
free-living
silica
-most common seedless vascular plants
~12,000 species
-mostly herbaceous but there are tree ferns in the tropics
ferns
most ferns have leaves called ___
fronds
the sporangia of most ferns are arranged into clusters called ___
sori
