Chapter 29 Flashcards

1
Q

___ evolved to live on land

A

plants

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2
Q

plants utilize tough materials like ___ and ___ to support themselves

A

cellulose

lignin

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3
Q

___ in plant leaves regulate water levels

A

stomata

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4
Q

leaves are covered with a waxy ___ to control water loss

A

cuticle

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5
Q

___ are produced by the main metabolic processes of plants

A

primary plant products

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6
Q

primary plant products include ___ (3)

A

amino acids
nucleic acids
cellulose

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7
Q

___ are often specialties of a certain species

A

secondary plant products

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8
Q

secondary plant products include ___ (2)

A

toxins

waxes

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9
Q

plants evolved multicellular reproductive organs called ___

A

gametangia

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10
Q

the gametangia produce the ___, which are the reproductive cells

A

gametes

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11
Q

the life cycle of plants involves ___

A

alternation of generations

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12
Q

one generation is the multicellular, haploid, ___

A

gametophyte

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13
Q

one generation is the multicellular, diploid, ___

A

sporophyte

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14
Q

only ___ and some ___ have a haploid and multicellular form. Animals do not have a ___ haploid form.

A

plants
algae
multicellular

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15
Q

the sporophyte, through the process of ___, produces haploid ___

A

meiosis

spores

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16
Q

the gametophyte, through the process of ___, produces the ___

A

mitosis

gametes

17
Q

the male gamete fertilizes the female gamete to form a diploid ___

18
Q

plants are closely related to ___ green algae

A

streptophyte

19
Q

the bryophytes include the ___, ___, and ___

A

mosses
liverworts
hornworts

20
Q

bryophytes have NO specialized ___ ___ as do the other plants, this limits their size.

A

vascular tissue

21
Q

the male gametangium, produces sperm

A

antheridium

22
Q

the female gametangium, produces eggs

A

archegonium

23
Q

the structure that produces the spores

A

sporangium

24
Q

in the___ the gametophyte is the larger form

A

bryophytes

25
phylum bryophyta - ___ - grow in mats in ___ places - Sphagnum moss is very abundant
mosses | damp
26
phylum hepatophyta - ___ - have ___ that look like the lobes of a ___ - they can reproduce ___ & ___
liverworts lobes, liver sexually, asexually
27
phylum anthocerophyta - ___ - have elongated horn-shaped ___
hornworts | sporophytes
28
vascular plants have two conducting tissues, ___ and ___
xylem | phloem
29
carries water and minerals from the roots | -made from dead cells
xylem
30
carries sugar, amino acids, and other organic nutrients | -formed from living tissues
phloem
31
___ and ___ are the materials that provide support for vascular plants -___ ___ produce fibers
lignin cellulose lignified cells
32
in all of the vascular plants the dominant form is the ___, not the ___ as in the bryophytes
sporophyte | gametophyte
33
there are 2 phyla of seedless vascular plants, ___ and ___
phylum lycophyta | phylum pteridophyta
34
phylum lycophyta - club ___ - many tropical lycophytes are ___ - epiphytes grow on ___ but are not ___
mosses epiphytes trees, parasitic
35
phylum pteridophyte - ___, horsetails, and whisk ferns - horsetails - the gametophytes are ___ - they contain ___- "scouring rushes" - whisk ferns - they do not have true leaves of roots
Ferns free-living silica
36
-most common seedless vascular plants ~12,000 species -mostly herbaceous but there are tree ferns in the tropics
ferns
37
most ferns have leaves called ___
fronds
38
the sporangia of most ferns are arranged into clusters called ___
sori