Chapter 33 Flashcards
1
Q
Phylum Cnidaria
- Jellyfish, corals, hydras, and sea anemones
- symmetry: ___
- have 2 layers of tissue, the ___ and ___
- mostly ___, some live in ___ ___
- ___ bodies
- have jelly-like acellular material (___) between the 2 layers of tissue
- have cells called ___ that contain ___ that release toxins through a tube
- have muscle like fibers and a simple nerve net
- ___: cylindrical shape, sessile
- ___: flattened, rounded, free swimming
A
- radiata
- ectoderm, endoderm
- marine, fresh water
- sac-like
- mesoglea
- cnidocytes, nematocysts
- polyps
- medusa
2
Q
Phylum Porifera
- the ___
- they have no ___ ___
- they have no ___ or ___
- ___ (stay anchored in one place) during their adult life
- filter feeders
- ___ - collar cells - flagellated cells that create currents and phagocytize food
- have an ___ and ___ layer of cells
- some contain silica, some calcium carbonate, and some protein called ___
A
- sponges
- true tissues
- nerves, muscles
- sessile
- choanocytes
- outer, inner
- spongin
3
Q
animals that are both male and female
A
hermaphrodites
4
Q
Phylum Ctenophora
- comb ___
- symmetry: ___
- all live in ___
- use ___ for locomotion
- have cells with sticky threads
- most are ___
A
- jellies
- radiata
- marine
- cilia
- bioluminescent
5
Q
3 clades of bilateral animals are…
A
lophotrocoza
ecdysozoa
deuterostomia
6
Q
___ and ___ are both protostomes
A
lophotrocozoa
ecdysozoa
7
Q
Lophotrocozoans possess specialized feeding structures ___, or a distinct larval stage ___, or similar structures.
A
(lophophores)
trochophore
8
Q
Phylum Platyhelminthes
- ___
- ___
- includes ___ and ___ species
- Have a ___ ___ with a single opening
- Free-living forms include the well known planarians
- Most have a distinct ___ and ___ ___ cords
A
- Flatworms
- Acoelomates
- free-living, parasitic
- gastrovascular tract
- head, ventral nerve
9
Q
Phylum Platyhelminthes
- ___ are parasitic
- ___ – blood flukes
- ___ – are parasites with no digestive tract, they absorb food
- Tapeworms have hooks to hook onto the host’s ___ ___
A
flukes
Schistosome
Tapeworms
intestinal walls
10
Q
Phylum Rotifera
- ___
- very ___
- most live in ___ ___
- pseudocoelomates
- have a crown of ___ that directs food into their mouth
- have ___ to grind food
- have a ___ ___ ___, with a mouth and an anus
A
rotifers small fresh water cilia jaws complete digestive tract
11
Q
the lophophorate phyla
- Bryozoans, Phoronids, and Brachiopods
- all have a ___ feeding structure called the ___
- they used to be considered ___ because of their development
- molecular evidence suggests they are more closely related to ___
A
ciliated, lophophore
deuterostomes
protostomes
12
Q
Phylum Nemertea -\_\_\_ worms or \_\_\_ worms -acoelomate or coelomate? -have a \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_ have a \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_, with blood contained in blood vessels
A
ribbon, proboscis
complete digestive tract
closed circulatory system
13
Q
Phylum Mollusca
- Includes snails, slugs, oysters, clams, chitons, octopuses, squid, and many more
- > 100,000 living species
- Coelomates – protostomes
- mostly ___, some in ___, and some are ___
- they have soft bodies, but many have a protective shell of ___ ___
A
marine, freshwater, terrestrial
calcium carbonate
14
Q
Phylum Mollusca
- the mollusk body has a ___ foot
- ___ ___: contains most of the organs
- ___: a fold of tissue over the visceral mass, secretes the shell
- ___: a rasping feeding organ found in many (not all) mollusks
- most mollusks have an ___ ___ ___ with their ___ (blood) directly bathing their organs
- have ___ nerve cords
A
muscular visceral mass mantle radula open circular system, hemolymph ventral
15
Q
there are 8 classes of mollusks, the most familiar are…
A
Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
Polyplacophora
16
Q
snails and slugs
A
gastropoda
17
Q
- clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops
- mostly sessile
- filter feeders
A
bivalvia
18
Q
- squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, and nautiluses
- most have internal shells
- have a closed circulatory system
- have a complex brain
A
cephalopoda
19
Q
- chitons
- eight-pleated shells
A
polyplacophora
20
Q
Phylum Annelida
- ___ worms
- Earthworms, leaches, tubeworms, and polychaete worms
- Coelomates – protostomes
- have a ___ body
- ___ nerve cord
- ___ circulatory system
- ___ are paired excretory tubules located in each segment
A
- segmented
- segmented
- ventral
- closed
- Metanephridia
21
Q
Phylum - Annelida
- Have a brain-like ___ ___
- Earthworms are cross-fertilizing ___
- Tube-worms are ___ as adults
- Leaches have a history in medicine
- Polychaetes are marine worms with ___, structures that look like legs
A
cerebral ganglia
hermaphrodites
sessile
parapodia
22
Q
Ecdysozoa
- Nematodes and arthropods
- Exhibit ___, periodic molting of a ___, a non-living cover offering support and protection.
A
ecdysis
cuticle
23
Q
Phylum Nematoda -\_\_\_ \_\_\_ worms -Pseudocoelomates Found in \_\_\_ habitats, in \_\_\_, and as \_\_\_ and \_\_\_ parasites -Very abundant -Could be as many as 100,000 species -Most are very \_\_\_ -\_\_\_ \_\_\_ are of major economic importance
A
Unsegmented round
aquatic, soil, plant, animal
small (microscopic)
plant parasites
24
Q
Phylum - Arthropoda
-Jointed ___
-Crustaceans, spiders, insects, millipedes, centipedes, and many others
-Coelomates- protostomes
At least 1 million named species, probably several million species in total
-They have ___ legs, a hard ___, and ___
A
feet
jointed
exoskeleton
segmentation
25
Phylum Arthropoda
- The cuticle of arthropods is called the ___, it is constructed of layers of ___ and ___
- For an arthropod to grow the exoskeleton has to be periodically discarded in a process called ___
- The exoskeleton provides protection, ___ ___, and something for muscles to work against
exoskeleton
chitin, protein
molting
water resistance
26
Phylum Arthropoda
- Arthropods have many of their sensor organs concentrated on their ___
- Arthropods have a(n) ___ circulatory system
- ___ – walking worms, may resemble arthropod ancestors
heads
open
Onychophorans
27
Four Major Subphyla of Phylum Arthropoda are...
Chelicerate
Myriapods
Crustacea
Hexapoda
28
arachnids, sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, and eurypterids (extinct)
Chelicerata
29
centipedes, millipedes, and others
Myriapoda
30
crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, pill bugs, and others
Crustacea
31
mostly insects
Hexapoda
32
- Chelicerates all possess feeding appendages called ___.
- Chelicerates have no ___ and most have simple eyes (one lens).
- Most Chelicerates are members of Class ___
chelicerae
antennae
Arachnida
33
Arachnids
- include spiders, harvestmen, scorpions, ticks, mites, and others
- Most arachnids have ___ major body regions and ___ pairs of legs
- Most spiders utilize ___ ___ for respiration
2, 4
| book lungs
34
Subphylum Myriapoda
- Have ___ (1 pair) and ___
- Multi-legged, worm-like, species are thought to be more “primitive” than insects
antennae, mandibles
35
- Millipedes
| - 2 pairs of legs per segment
Class – Diplopoda
36
- Centipedes
- 1 pair of legs per segment
- Carnivorous
- Have claws that inject venom into their prey
Class – Chilopoda
37
Class Insecta
- More species than all other animals combined
- Many insects have ___ pairs of wings (1 pair modified in many)
- The insects are the only ___ that can fly
- Insects have 3 body regions: ___, ___, and ___
2
invertebrates
head, thorax, and abdomen
38
Class Insecta
- Insects have ___ pairs of legs
- Insects have ___ pair of antennae
- Insects have ___ ventral nerve cords
- Insects have ___ for respiration. Trachea are ___ ___ in the insect body
- ___ ___ are used for excretion
- Many insects have compound eyes (with many lenses)
3
1
2
trachea, chitin-lined Malpighian tubules
39
- The young (nymphs) look like small adults but can’t fly or reproduce
- Go through several molts
Incomplete metamorphosis
40
- There are larval stages
| - Transforms to adult during the pupal stage
Complete metamorphosis
41
subphylum crustacea
- Crustaceans have many heavily modified ___
- They have ___ pairs of antennae
- 3 or more pairs of appendages are modified as ___
- Most have ___ for respiration
- ___ is a very important part of the marine food chain
- Crustaceans are important members of the ___ (animal plankton) of marine and freshwaters
```
appendages
2
mouthparts
gills
Krill
zooplankton
```
42
Phylum Echinodermata
- ___ skin animals
- Deuterostomes
- Starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea lilies, and sea cucumbers
- They have a ___ ___ covered with ___ ___
- ___ symmetry as adults
Spiny
hard skeleton, thin skin
Radial
43
Phylum Echinodermata
- Echinoderms have a ___ ___ ___, hydraulic canals connected to ___ ___.
- The tube feet can generate ___
- Tube feet are used for ___, ___, and ___
- Echinoderms have a nervous system but there is no ___
```
water vascular system
tube feet
suction
locomotion, feeding, respiration
brain
```
