Chapter 33 Flashcards
Phylum Cnidaria
- Jellyfish, corals, hydras, and sea anemones
- symmetry: ___
- have 2 layers of tissue, the ___ and ___
- mostly ___, some live in ___ ___
- ___ bodies
- have jelly-like acellular material (___) between the 2 layers of tissue
- have cells called ___ that contain ___ that release toxins through a tube
- have muscle like fibers and a simple nerve net
- ___: cylindrical shape, sessile
- ___: flattened, rounded, free swimming
- radiata
- ectoderm, endoderm
- marine, fresh water
- sac-like
- mesoglea
- cnidocytes, nematocysts
- polyps
- medusa
Phylum Porifera
- the ___
- they have no ___ ___
- they have no ___ or ___
- ___ (stay anchored in one place) during their adult life
- filter feeders
- ___ - collar cells - flagellated cells that create currents and phagocytize food
- have an ___ and ___ layer of cells
- some contain silica, some calcium carbonate, and some protein called ___
- sponges
- true tissues
- nerves, muscles
- sessile
- choanocytes
- outer, inner
- spongin
animals that are both male and female
hermaphrodites
Phylum Ctenophora
- comb ___
- symmetry: ___
- all live in ___
- use ___ for locomotion
- have cells with sticky threads
- most are ___
- jellies
- radiata
- marine
- cilia
- bioluminescent
3 clades of bilateral animals are…
lophotrocoza
ecdysozoa
deuterostomia
___ and ___ are both protostomes
lophotrocozoa
ecdysozoa
Lophotrocozoans possess specialized feeding structures ___, or a distinct larval stage ___, or similar structures.
(lophophores)
trochophore
Phylum Platyhelminthes
- ___
- ___
- includes ___ and ___ species
- Have a ___ ___ with a single opening
- Free-living forms include the well known planarians
- Most have a distinct ___ and ___ ___ cords
- Flatworms
- Acoelomates
- free-living, parasitic
- gastrovascular tract
- head, ventral nerve
Phylum Platyhelminthes
- ___ are parasitic
- ___ – blood flukes
- ___ – are parasites with no digestive tract, they absorb food
- Tapeworms have hooks to hook onto the host’s ___ ___
flukes
Schistosome
Tapeworms
intestinal walls
Phylum Rotifera
- ___
- very ___
- most live in ___ ___
- pseudocoelomates
- have a crown of ___ that directs food into their mouth
- have ___ to grind food
- have a ___ ___ ___, with a mouth and an anus
rotifers small fresh water cilia jaws complete digestive tract
the lophophorate phyla
- Bryozoans, Phoronids, and Brachiopods
- all have a ___ feeding structure called the ___
- they used to be considered ___ because of their development
- molecular evidence suggests they are more closely related to ___
ciliated, lophophore
deuterostomes
protostomes
Phylum Nemertea -\_\_\_ worms or \_\_\_ worms -acoelomate or coelomate? -have a \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_ have a \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_, with blood contained in blood vessels
ribbon, proboscis
complete digestive tract
closed circulatory system
Phylum Mollusca
- Includes snails, slugs, oysters, clams, chitons, octopuses, squid, and many more
- > 100,000 living species
- Coelomates – protostomes
- mostly ___, some in ___, and some are ___
- they have soft bodies, but many have a protective shell of ___ ___
marine, freshwater, terrestrial
calcium carbonate
Phylum Mollusca
- the mollusk body has a ___ foot
- ___ ___: contains most of the organs
- ___: a fold of tissue over the visceral mass, secretes the shell
- ___: a rasping feeding organ found in many (not all) mollusks
- most mollusks have an ___ ___ ___ with their ___ (blood) directly bathing their organs
- have ___ nerve cords
muscular visceral mass mantle radula open circular system, hemolymph ventral
there are 8 classes of mollusks, the most familiar are…
Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
Polyplacophora
snails and slugs
gastropoda
- clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops
- mostly sessile
- filter feeders
bivalvia
- squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, and nautiluses
- most have internal shells
- have a closed circulatory system
- have a complex brain
cephalopoda
- chitons
- eight-pleated shells
polyplacophora
Phylum Annelida
- ___ worms
- Earthworms, leaches, tubeworms, and polychaete worms
- Coelomates – protostomes
- have a ___ body
- ___ nerve cord
- ___ circulatory system
- ___ are paired excretory tubules located in each segment
- segmented
- segmented
- ventral
- closed
- Metanephridia
Phylum - Annelida
- Have a brain-like ___ ___
- Earthworms are cross-fertilizing ___
- Tube-worms are ___ as adults
- Leaches have a history in medicine
- Polychaetes are marine worms with ___, structures that look like legs
cerebral ganglia
hermaphrodites
sessile
parapodia
Ecdysozoa
- Nematodes and arthropods
- Exhibit ___, periodic molting of a ___, a non-living cover offering support and protection.
ecdysis
cuticle
Phylum Nematoda -\_\_\_ \_\_\_ worms -Pseudocoelomates Found in \_\_\_ habitats, in \_\_\_, and as \_\_\_ and \_\_\_ parasites -Very abundant -Could be as many as 100,000 species -Most are very \_\_\_ -\_\_\_ \_\_\_ are of major economic importance
Unsegmented round
aquatic, soil, plant, animal
small (microscopic)
plant parasites
Phylum - Arthropoda
-Jointed ___
-Crustaceans, spiders, insects, millipedes, centipedes, and many others
-Coelomates- protostomes
At least 1 million named species, probably several million species in total
-They have ___ legs, a hard ___, and ___
feet
jointed
exoskeleton
segmentation
Phylum Arthropoda
- The cuticle of arthropods is called the ___, it is constructed of layers of ___ and ___
- For an arthropod to grow the exoskeleton has to be periodically discarded in a process called ___
- The exoskeleton provides protection, ___ ___, and something for muscles to work against
exoskeleton
chitin, protein
molting
water resistance
Phylum Arthropoda
- Arthropods have many of their sensor organs concentrated on their ___
- Arthropods have a(n) ___ circulatory system
- ___ – walking worms, may resemble arthropod ancestors
heads
open
Onychophorans
Four Major Subphyla of Phylum Arthropoda are…
Chelicerate
Myriapods
Crustacea
Hexapoda
arachnids, sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, and eurypterids (extinct)
Chelicerata
centipedes, millipedes, and others
Myriapoda
crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, pill bugs, and others
Crustacea
mostly insects
Hexapoda
- Chelicerates all possess feeding appendages called ___.
- Chelicerates have no ___ and most have simple eyes (one lens).
- Most Chelicerates are members of Class ___
chelicerae
antennae
Arachnida
Arachnids
- include spiders, harvestmen, scorpions, ticks, mites, and others
- Most arachnids have ___ major body regions and ___ pairs of legs
- Most spiders utilize ___ ___ for respiration
2, 4
book lungs
Subphylum Myriapoda
- Have ___ (1 pair) and ___
- Multi-legged, worm-like, species are thought to be more “primitive” than insects
antennae, mandibles
- Millipedes
- 2 pairs of legs per segment
Class – Diplopoda
- Centipedes
- 1 pair of legs per segment
- Carnivorous
- Have claws that inject venom into their prey
Class – Chilopoda
Class Insecta
- More species than all other animals combined
- Many insects have ___ pairs of wings (1 pair modified in many)
- The insects are the only ___ that can fly
- Insects have 3 body regions: ___, ___, and ___
2
invertebrates
head, thorax, and abdomen
Class Insecta
- Insects have ___ pairs of legs
- Insects have ___ pair of antennae
- Insects have ___ ventral nerve cords
- Insects have ___ for respiration. Trachea are ___ ___ in the insect body
- ___ ___ are used for excretion
- Many insects have compound eyes (with many lenses)
3
1
2
trachea, chitin-lined Malpighian tubules
- The young (nymphs) look like small adults but can’t fly or reproduce
- Go through several molts
Incomplete metamorphosis
- There are larval stages
- Transforms to adult during the pupal stage
Complete metamorphosis
subphylum crustacea
- Crustaceans have many heavily modified ___
- They have ___ pairs of antennae
- 3 or more pairs of appendages are modified as ___
- Most have ___ for respiration
- ___ is a very important part of the marine food chain
- Crustaceans are important members of the ___ (animal plankton) of marine and freshwaters
appendages 2 mouthparts gills Krill zooplankton
Phylum Echinodermata
- ___ skin animals
- Deuterostomes
- Starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea lilies, and sea cucumbers
- They have a ___ ___ covered with ___ ___
- ___ symmetry as adults
Spiny
hard skeleton, thin skin
Radial
Phylum Echinodermata
- Echinoderms have a ___ ___ ___, hydraulic canals connected to ___ ___.
- The tube feet can generate ___
- Tube feet are used for ___, ___, and ___
- Echinoderms have a nervous system but there is no ___
water vascular system tube feet suction locomotion, feeding, respiration brain
