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BIO 113 > Chapter 33 > Flashcards

Chapter 33 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Phylum Cnidaria

  • Jellyfish, corals, hydras, and sea anemones
  • symmetry: ___
  • have 2 layers of tissue, the ___ and ___
  • mostly ___, some live in ___ ___
  • ___ bodies
  • have jelly-like acellular material (___) between the 2 layers of tissue
  • have cells called ___ that contain ___ that release toxins through a tube
  • have muscle like fibers and a simple nerve net
  • ___: cylindrical shape, sessile
  • ___: flattened, rounded, free swimming
A
  • radiata
  • ectoderm, endoderm
  • marine, fresh water
  • sac-like
  • mesoglea
  • cnidocytes, nematocysts
  • polyps
  • medusa
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2
Q

Phylum Porifera

  • the ___
  • they have no ___ ___
  • they have no ___ or ___
  • ___ (stay anchored in one place) during their adult life
  • filter feeders
  • ___ - collar cells - flagellated cells that create currents and phagocytize food
  • have an ___ and ___ layer of cells
  • some contain silica, some calcium carbonate, and some protein called ___
A
  • sponges
  • true tissues
  • nerves, muscles
  • sessile
  • choanocytes
  • outer, inner
  • spongin
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3
Q

animals that are both male and female

A

hermaphrodites

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4
Q

Phylum Ctenophora

  • comb ___
  • symmetry: ___
  • all live in ___
  • use ___ for locomotion
  • have cells with sticky threads
  • most are ___
A
  • jellies
  • radiata
  • marine
  • cilia
  • bioluminescent
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5
Q

3 clades of bilateral animals are…

A

lophotrocoza
ecdysozoa
deuterostomia

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6
Q

___ and ___ are both protostomes

A

lophotrocozoa

ecdysozoa

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7
Q

Lophotrocozoans possess specialized feeding structures ___, or a distinct larval stage ___, or similar structures.

A

(lophophores)

trochophore

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8
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

  • ___
  • ___
  • includes ___ and ___ species
  • Have a ___ ___ with a single opening
  • Free-living forms include the well known planarians
  • Most have a distinct ___ and ___ ___ cords
A
  • Flatworms
  • Acoelomates
  • free-living, parasitic
  • gastrovascular tract
  • head, ventral nerve
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9
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

  • ___ are parasitic
  • ___ – blood flukes
  • ___ – are parasites with no digestive tract, they absorb food
  • Tapeworms have hooks to hook onto the host’s ___ ___
A

flukes
Schistosome
Tapeworms
intestinal walls

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10
Q

Phylum Rotifera

  • ___
  • very ___
  • most live in ___ ___
  • pseudocoelomates
  • have a crown of ___ that directs food into their mouth
  • have ___ to grind food
  • have a ___ ___ ___, with a mouth and an anus
A 
rotifers
small
fresh water
cilia
jaws
complete digestive tract
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11
Q

the lophophorate phyla

  • Bryozoans, Phoronids, and Brachiopods
  • all have a ___ feeding structure called the ___
  • they used to be considered ___ because of their development
  • molecular evidence suggests they are more closely related to ___
A

ciliated, lophophore
deuterostomes
protostomes

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12
Q 
Phylum Nemertea
-\_\_\_ worms or \_\_\_ worms
-acoelomate or coelomate?
-have a \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_
have a \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_, with blood contained in blood vessels
A

ribbon, proboscis
complete digestive tract
closed circulatory system

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13
Q

Phylum Mollusca

  • Includes snails, slugs, oysters, clams, chitons, octopuses, squid, and many more
  • > 100,000 living species
  • Coelomates – protostomes
  • mostly ___, some in ___, and some are ___
  • they have soft bodies, but many have a protective shell of ___ ___
A

marine, freshwater, terrestrial

calcium carbonate

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14
Q

Phylum Mollusca

  • the mollusk body has a ___ foot
  • ___ ___: contains most of the organs
  • ___: a fold of tissue over the visceral mass, secretes the shell
  • ___: a rasping feeding organ found in many (not all) mollusks
  • most mollusks have an ___ ___ ___ with their ___ (blood) directly bathing their organs
  • have ___ nerve cords
A 
muscular
visceral mass
mantle
radula
open circular system, hemolymph
ventral
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15
Q

there are 8 classes of mollusks, the most familiar are…

A

Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
Polyplacophora

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16
Q

snails and slugs

A

gastropoda

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17
Q
  • clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops
  • mostly sessile
  • filter feeders
A

bivalvia

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18
Q
  • squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, and nautiluses
  • most have internal shells
  • have a closed circulatory system
  • have a complex brain
A

cephalopoda

19
Q
  • chitons

- eight-pleated shells

A

polyplacophora

20
Q

Phylum Annelida

  • ___ worms
  • Earthworms, leaches, tubeworms, and polychaete worms
  • Coelomates – protostomes
  • have a ___ body
  • ___ nerve cord
  • ___ circulatory system
  • ___ are paired excretory tubules located in each segment
A
  • segmented
  • segmented
  • ventral
  • closed
  • Metanephridia
21
Q

Phylum - Annelida

  • Have a brain-like ___ ___
  • Earthworms are cross-fertilizing ___
  • Tube-worms are ___ as adults
  • Leaches have a history in medicine
  • Polychaetes are marine worms with ___, structures that look like legs
A

cerebral ganglia
hermaphrodites
sessile
parapodia

22
Q

Ecdysozoa

  • Nematodes and arthropods
  • Exhibit ___, periodic molting of a ___, a non-living cover offering support and protection.
A

ecdysis

cuticle

23
Q 
Phylum Nematoda
-\_\_\_ \_\_\_ worms
-Pseudocoelomates
Found in \_\_\_ habitats, in \_\_\_, and as \_\_\_ and \_\_\_ parasites
-Very abundant
-Could be as many as 100,000 species
-Most are very \_\_\_
-\_\_\_ \_\_\_ are of major economic importance
A

Unsegmented round
aquatic, soil, plant, animal
small (microscopic)
plant parasites

24
Q

Phylum - Arthropoda
-Jointed ___
-Crustaceans, spiders, insects, millipedes, centipedes, and many others
-Coelomates- protostomes
At least 1 million named species, probably several million species in total
-They have ___ legs, a hard ___, and ___

A

feet
jointed
exoskeleton
segmentation

25
Q

Phylum Arthropoda

  • The cuticle of arthropods is called the ___, it is constructed of layers of ___ and ___
  • For an arthropod to grow the exoskeleton has to be periodically discarded in a process called ___
  • The exoskeleton provides protection, ___ ___, and something for muscles to work against
A

exoskeleton
chitin, protein
molting
water resistance

26
Q

Phylum Arthropoda

  • Arthropods have many of their sensor organs concentrated on their ___
  • Arthropods have a(n) ___ circulatory system
  • ___ – walking worms, may resemble arthropod ancestors
A

heads
open
Onychophorans

27
Q

Four Major Subphyla of Phylum Arthropoda are…

A

Chelicerate
Myriapods
Crustacea
Hexapoda

28
Q

arachnids, sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, and eurypterids (extinct)

A

Chelicerata

29
Q

centipedes, millipedes, and others

A

Myriapoda

30
Q

crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, pill bugs, and others

A

Crustacea

31
Q

mostly insects

A

Hexapoda

32
Q
  • Chelicerates all possess feeding appendages called ___.
  • Chelicerates have no ___ and most have simple eyes (one lens).
  • Most Chelicerates are members of Class ___
A

chelicerae
antennae
Arachnida

33
Q

Arachnids

  • include spiders, harvestmen, scorpions, ticks, mites, and others
  • Most arachnids have ___ major body regions and ___ pairs of legs
  • Most spiders utilize ___ ___ for respiration
A

2, 4

book lungs

34
Q

Subphylum Myriapoda

  • Have ___ (1 pair) and ___
  • Multi-legged, worm-like, species are thought to be more “primitive” than insects
A

antennae, mandibles

35
Q
  • Millipedes

- 2 pairs of legs per segment

A

Class – Diplopoda

36
Q
  • Centipedes
  • 1 pair of legs per segment
  • Carnivorous
  • Have claws that inject venom into their prey
A

Class – Chilopoda

37
Q

Class Insecta

  • More species than all other animals combined
  • Many insects have ___ pairs of wings (1 pair modified in many)
  • The insects are the only ___ that can fly
  • Insects have 3 body regions: ___, ___, and ___
A

2
invertebrates
head, thorax, and abdomen

38
Q

Class Insecta

  • Insects have ___ pairs of legs
  • Insects have ___ pair of antennae
  • Insects have ___ ventral nerve cords
  • Insects have ___ for respiration. Trachea are ___ ___ in the insect body
  • ___ ___ are used for excretion
  • Many insects have compound eyes (with many lenses)
A

3
1
2
trachea, chitin-lined Malpighian tubules

39
Q
  • The young (nymphs) look like small adults but can’t fly or reproduce
  • Go through several molts
A

Incomplete metamorphosis

40
Q
  • There are larval stages

- Transforms to adult during the pupal stage

A

Complete metamorphosis

41
Q

subphylum crustacea

  • Crustaceans have many heavily modified ___
  • They have ___ pairs of antennae
  • 3 or more pairs of appendages are modified as ___
  • Most have ___ for respiration
  • ___ is a very important part of the marine food chain
  • Crustaceans are important members of the ___ (animal plankton) of marine and freshwaters
A 
appendages
2
mouthparts
gills
Krill
 zooplankton
42
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

  • ___ skin animals
  • Deuterostomes
  • Starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea lilies, and sea cucumbers
  • They have a ___ ___ covered with ___ ___
  • ___ symmetry as adults
A

Spiny
hard skeleton, thin skin
Radial

43
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

  • Echinoderms have a ___ ___ ___, hydraulic canals connected to ___ ___.
  • The tube feet can generate ___
  • Tube feet are used for ___, ___, and ___
  • Echinoderms have a nervous system but there is no ___
A 
water vascular system
tube feet
suction
locomotion, feeding, respiration
brain

BIO 113 (21 decks)

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