Chapter 55

Question 1

Your ability to reproduce and produce offspring that will survive to reproduce themselves

Answer 1

fitness

Question 2

Individuals behave ___

Answer 2

selfishly

Question 3

includes close kin

Answer 3

kin selection

Question 4

personal fitness plus that of close relatives

Answer 4

inclusive fitness

Question 5

a favor is given now with an expectation of reciprocity in the future

Answer 5

reciprocal altruism

Question 6

All behaviors have ___ and ___ components!

Answer 6

genetic, environmental

Question 7

The modern study of animal behavior is called ___ ___ – it is the study of behavior in an ecological context.

Answer 7

behavioral ecology

Question 8

In the 1930’s European ethologists came up with the concept of a ___ ___ ___, behaviors that are triggered by a stimulus called a ___ ___. These behaviors are called ___ or ___ behaviors.

Answer 8

fixed action pattern
sign stimulus
innate
instinctive

Question 9

___ is a good example of semirestricted behavioral development

Answer 9

imprinting

Question 10

many young animals will ___ on a parent during a certain ___ ___.

Answer 10

imprint

critical period

Question 11

operant conditioning

Answer 11

trial and error learning

Question 12

many animals can learn to associate one stimulus with another. Pavlov’s dogs trained dogs to associate a ringing bell with food.

Answer 12

associative learning

Question 13

problem solving

Answer 13

cognitive learning

Question 14

___ ___ is the interaction between two or more animals. Most animals are not social

Answer 14

Social behavior

Question 15

The study of social behavior from an evolutionary viewpoint is called ___

Answer 15

sociobiology

Question 16

___ ___ include ants, some bees, some wasps, and termites

Answer 16

Eusocial insects

Question 17

The eusocial insect colonies only have a single breeding female, the ___

Answer 17

queen

Question 18

There are different ___ of social insect – examples are workers, soldiers, drones, and queens.

Answer 18

castes

Question 19

It was once thought that making and using ___ was strictly a human behavior, but now it known that many animals make and use ___

Answer 19

tools

tools

Question 20

Bonobos (pygmy chimps) use ___ to smash open nuts

Answer 20

stones

Question 21

New Caledonian crows shape twigs and leaves into ___ to capture grubs.

Answer 21

hooks

Question 22

The woodpecker finch; a Galapagos finch; uses ___ ___ to capture grubs

Answer 22

cactus spines

Question 23

Myrmicine ants use ___ as containers for water and food. Tool use is also known among other species of insects.

Answer 23

leaves