Chapter 5 Protective and Circulatory Systems

Question 1

Meningeal Linings (Meninges)
   Dura

Answer 1

• Outer layer

- Tough membranous connective tissue

Question 2

Meningeal Linings (Meninges)
    Arachnoid Mater

Answer 2

Middle layer

Question 3

Meningeal Linings (Meninges)
    Pia Mater

Answer 3

• Inner layer
• Thin covering of tissue that adheres closely to the grooves and
  convolutions of the brain

Question 4

Meningeal Linings (Meninges)
    Subdural space

Answer 4

Located between the dura mater and the arachnoid

Question 5

Meningeal Linings (Meninges)
    Subarachnoid space

Answer 5

• Located between the arachnoid and pia mater

- Filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 6

Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 6

§ Cushion for brain and spinal cord (protection and suspension)
§ Circulates nutrients and chemicals filtered from the blood
§ Removes waste products from the brain

Question 7

Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Choroid Plexus

Answer 7

Produces cerebrospinal fluid in ventricles

Question 8

Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid    
    Lateral Ventricles (2)

Answer 8

§ One in each hemisphere

§ Beginning ventricles for circulation of CFS

Question 9

Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Interventricular foramen of Monroe

Answer 9

§ Passage way between lateral ventricles and third ventricle

Question 10

Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid

ThirdVentricle(1)

Answer 10

?? Nothing on notes

Question 11

Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebral aqueduct

Answer 11

Passageway between third ventricle and fourth ventricle

Question 12

Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid
    Fourth ventricle (1)

Answer 12

§ Sends cerebrospinal fluid to subarachnoid space to circulate
around brain and spinal cord
§ Cerebrospinal fluid is then absorbed by the venous system

Question 13

Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid

• Hydrocephalus

Answer 13

o Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in ventricals
o Increases the size of the ventricles
o Results in pressure on the brain
o Variety of impairments of brain function
have to shunt off excess
fluid

Question 14

Cerebrovascular System

Function

Answer 14

§ Brain needs continuous supply of blood for oxygen and glucose
§ Brain does not store the required oxygen and glucose
§ Interruptions of blood supply longer than a few minutes can
cause permanent brain damage

Question 15

Cerebrovascular System

Circle of Willis

Answer 15

series of points of communication between arteries
§ Equalizes blood pressure within the brain
§ Equalizes distribution of blood flow

Question 16

Cerebrovascular System
Circle of Willis
Anterior cerebral artery

Answer 16

• Portions of the frontal and parietal lobes
• Corpus callosum
• Basal nuclei (Basal ganglia)

Question 17

Cerebrovascular System
Circle of Willis
Middle cerebral artery

Answer 17

• Temporal lobe
• Motor strip
• Broca’s area
• Wernicke’s area

Question 18

Cerebrovascular System
Circle of Willis
Posterior cerebral
artery

Answer 18

• Portions of the temporal and occipital lobe
• Upper midbrain
• Cerebellum

Question 19

Cerebrovascular System
Circle of Willis
Cerebellar artery

Answer 19

Cerebellum

Question 20

Cerebrovascular System
Circle of Willis
Basilar artery

Answer 20

Brainstem

Question 21

Cerebrovascular System
Circle of Willis

     Stroke (cerebrovascular accident: CVA)

Answer 21

o Disruption of blood supply to the brain
Occurs when an artery to the brain is either blocked or bursts
o May cause temporary or permanent disabilities
Paralysis or weakness on one side of the body § Difficulty talking or swallowing
Memory loss or thinking difficulties
Emotional impairments