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COMD 3100 > Basic Elements of Anatomy > Flashcards

Basic Elements of Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Communication Systems

A 
Respiratory system
Phonatory system
Articulation, Resonance, and deglutition (swallowing)             
    system
Nervous system
Auditory system
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2
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of organism structure and the relations of their parts. What the body is.

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3
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the function of the living organisms and their parts. What the body does.

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4
Q

Physics

A

A branch o natural science that deals with energy, motion, and force of a particular system.

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5
Q

Anatomical position

A

The body is erect and the pals and arms face forward.

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6
Q

Axis

A

Line running through the center.

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7
Q

Plane

A

flat or fairly smooth surgace

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8
Q

Frontal plane / Coronal

A

divides body into front and back halves

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9
Q

Transverse plane

A

divides body into upper and lower portions

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10
Q

Sagittal plane

A

divides body into right and left parts.

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11
Q

Anterior or Ventral

A

toward the front

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12
Q

Posterior or Dorsal

A

toward the back

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13
Q

Lateral

A

toward the side

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14
Q

Medial

A

toward the midling

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15
Q

Superior,rostral or cranial

A

above or toward the head

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16
Q

Inferior or caudal

A

below or toward the tail (end)

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17
Q

Proximal

A

nearer to a point of reference

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18
Q

Distal

A

farther from a point of reference

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19
Q

aBduct

A

move away from the midline (vocal folds)

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20
Q

aDDuct

A

move toward the midline (vocal folds)

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21
Q

superficial

A

toward the surace

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22
Q

deep

A

toward the central axis or further from the surface

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23
Q

central

A

toward the center (bones)

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24
Q

peripheral

A

away from the senter of the body
nerve that come off of centeral nervous system
(vision- outside or edge)

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25
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly or face down

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26
Q

supine

A

lying on the back or face up

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27
Q

flexion

A

bending at a joint, usuallu in a ventral direction (head forward)

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28
Q

extension

A

to opposite of flexion. pull two ends farther apart

Head back

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29
Q

HYPERextenion or DORSiflexion

too much

A

when estension continues to ther point where the dorsal surfaces approach each other

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30
Q

axial skeleton

A

head and truck

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31
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

lower and upper limbs

32
Q

thorax

A

chest region

33
Q

abdomen

A

belly or abdominal area

34
Q

trunk

A

made up of the thorax and abdomen

35
Q

pelvis

A

area of the hip bones

36
Q

skull

A

cranium- houses the brain and its components

facial portion- houses mouth,pharynx, nasal cavity

37
Q

upper extremity

A

arm, forearm, wrist, and hand

38
Q

lower expremity

A

thigh, leg, ankle, and foot

39
Q

cells

A

the basic structueal and functional units of all organisms

40
Q

tissues

A

when froups of cells combine or ssociate together to exhibit functional unity

41
Q

Matrix

A

substance that surrounds cells.

changes the consistency of tissue

42
Q

epithelial tissue

A

protective lining for the surface of th body and internal surfaces of cavities of the body.
little matrix. Cells are closer together may have cilia (hair like structures)
Skin
look at notes for properties

43
Q

EPIthelial proper

on top of

A

skin and internal memgranes that line the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

44
Q

ENDOthelial

inside

A

linings of blood and lymph vessels

45
Q

MESOthelial

middle

A

lines internal bosy cavities
pericadial- around the heart
pleural- lungs
peritoneal-abdoman

46
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Support and connect other tissues

47
Q

loose connective tissue

matrix loose

A

areolar tissue-forms the bed of the skin
adipose tissue- contains fat storing cells, provides
protection, insulation and fuel storage
lymphoid tissue- tissue in tonsils, adnoid and lymph node

48
Q

dense connective tissue

(matrix dense)

A

Tendons-tough, non-elastic cords. Attatches muscles to
bone, muscle cartilage or muscle to muscle
Ligaments-some elasticity that tie structures together.
Skeletal ligaments join bone to bone, bone to cartilage
and cartilage to cartilage
Visceral ligaments tie organs together and keep them
in place
Fascia
separates muscles into funtional groups

49
Q

specialized tissue

Connective tissue

A

Cartilage
Hyaline (blueish white translucent smooth and strong
with flexibility. Ribs, larynx, trachea bronchial
passageway, nose)

 Elastic (Yellow and opaque, Very flexible. Outer ear
               epiglottis, small cartilage of the larynx) 

 Fibrocartilage (Dense and white, support weight, 
                          shock absorber and cushions 
                          intervertebral discs, temporomandibular
                          joint

Blood
does not contain fiber in matrix
plasma is the fluid component (matrix) of blood
red blood cells,, white blood cells and platelets are
suspended in matrix
transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other
signaling molecules
removes waste.

Bone
provides framework for other tissues in body
Marix is inermixed with manerals that give it rigidity
and hardness

50
Q

connecting connective tissues

A

Articulation- a joing or juncture between bones or
cartilage
two points “Come Together” like when lips and teeth
come together to articulate sounds.
Joints- connection between bones or cartilage
* Diarthrodial (synovial) - high mobility (knees, elbow)
* Amphiarthrodial- limited mobility (ribs & sternam)
cartilaginous connective tissue joint
* Synarthrodial- no mobility. connects bones by
fibrous connective tissue. ( cranial sutures)

51
Q

muscle tissue

A

move and contract
Types
Cardiac- found only in heart
controlled by auronomic involuntary nervous syste
Smooth- found in digestive tract and blood vessels
controlled by autonomic or involuntary nervous
Striated- also called skeletal muscle because it connect
skeletal framework
Has a striped apperarance
Controlled by the somatic (voluntary) nervous syste

52
Q

muscle function

A

Muscles can only actively shorten (contraction)
Muscles contract only in a straigh line (except sphincter muscles)

can only bring two structures closer together.
    Fig 1.3
Muscles points of attachment
      origin
      insertion
53
Q

Neural tissue

A

Function-specialized to transmit (send) information Componets
neurons (nerve cells)- transmit info from neuron to
neuron
glial cells- support and provide nutrients to the
neurons

54
Q

Organs

A

collection of tissues associatted together for a particular function

55
Q

Systems

A

when two or more organs combine or associate together for a particular function

56
Q

basic acoustics concepts

A

speech-sound production

hearing-sound perception

57
Q

sound

A

created when a movement creates changes in air pressure

vibrations that travel through the air

58
Q

behavior of air

A

air molecules move at extremely high speesd
air molecules collide with each other and anything in their path
these collisions create a canstant pressure

59
Q

air pressure

A

Atmopheric pressure- the air pressure around us
positive pressure- air pressure that is higher than
at,ppheric pressure
negative pressure- air pressure that is lower than atmospheric pressuer.

air always moves from an area of high pressure to low pressure (air leaving a balloon)
when air pressure in two areas are equal, there is no movement of air.

60
Q

Air Flow

A

Laminar flow-smooth air flow with molecules moving in
a parellel manner ahd at the same speed
Turbulent flow- disrupted movement of molecules due to
obstacles in the path

61
Q

amplitude

A

amount of cisplacement of an obhect from its rest position.

62
Q

cycle

A

one back and forth movement of an object or molecule from its rest position

63
Q

frequency

A

number of cycles per second

meadured in hertz Hz

64
Q

period

A

time it takes for one cycle of vibration to occur

65
Q

periodic wave

A

a wave in which every cycle takes the same amount of time to occur
Musical tone

66
Q

Aperiodic (not periodic) waves

A

a wave in which individual cycles do not take the same amount of time to occur
Noise

67
Q

Pure tone

A

sound of a single frequency

68
Q

complex sounds

A

sound with two or more fequencies

69
Q

complex periodic sound

A

consist of a series of frequencies that are related to wachother (100, 200, 300) (300, 600, 900)

70
Q

fundamental fequency

A

the lowest frequency in a complex periodic sound (Fo)

71
Q

harminic frequencies (harmonics)

A

frequencies above the funcamental frequency in a complex periodic sound
whole-number multiples of the fundaental frequency

72
Q

complex Aperiodic sounds

A

consists of two or more fequencies that are not related to eachother.
Noise

73
Q

Line Spectrum

A

shows the amount of acoustic energy at eachharmonic frequency of a compls periodic sound

74
Q

continuous spectrum

A

shows aperiodic sound with an envelope (horizontal line) that connects all the frequencies in the sound

75
Q

acoustic resonance (breath sound)

A

air-filled container or cavity is forced to vibrate gy an applied frequency of frequencies
Smaller volume of air resonates more strongly to
higher frequencies
Larger volume of air resonates more strongly to
lower frequencies.

76
Q

Origin

A

least mobile point of attatchment

77
Q

Insertion

A

point of attatchment that moves when muscle is contracted

COMD 3100 (27 decks)

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