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COMD 3100 > Chapter 4 Articulation/Resonance/Theories and other stuff > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Articulation/Resonance/Theories and other stuff Flashcards

1
Q

(Articulation and Resonance): Consonants

A

Place of Articulation,

Manner of Articulation,

Voicing

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2
Q

(Articulation and Resonance): Vowels

A

All voiced,

Made by the change of location of tongue within the oral cavity,

Ex: Tongue height (high or low),

Tongue advancement (front or back)

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3
Q

(Articulation and Resonance): Source-Filter Theory of Vowel Production

A

Speech is the product of sending an acoustic source, such as the sound produced by the vibrating vocal cords, through the filter of the vocal tract that shapes the output.

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4
Q

(Articulation and Resonance): Acoustic source

A

vibrating vocal cords,

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5
Q

(Articulation and Resonance): Acoustic source, Fundamental frequency(F0)

A

Lowest frequency of a complex periodic sound

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6
Q

(Articulation and Resonance): Acoustic source, Harmonic frequencies

A

Frequencies above the fundamental frequency,

Whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequency

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7
Q

(Articulation and Resonance):

Filter-vocal tract, Harmonic Frequencies

A

Harmonic frequencies are filtered by the vocal tract,

Amplified,

Damped

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8
Q

(Articulation and Resonance):

Filter-vocal tract, Resonance

A

Air-filled container or cavity is forced to vibrate by an applied frequency or frequencies,

The sound quality given to voice sounds by the vocal tract

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9
Q

(Articulation and Resonance)

(Filter-vocal tract): Resonance, Increase and Decrease

A

Increase air cavity space=decrease frequency,

Decrease air cavity space = increase frequency,

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10
Q

(Articulation and Resonance)

(Filter-vocal tract): Resonance, changes

A

To change the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract:

Length of the vocal tract,

Location of constriction,

Degree of constriction

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11
Q

(Articulation and Resonance)

(Filter-vocal tract): Resonance, Formants

A

Peak resonating (harmonic) frequencies of the vocal tract:

Formant 1 (F1)-created by the resonating frequencies of the pharyngeal cavity,

Formant 2 (F2)-created by the resonating frequencies of the oral cavity

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12
Q

(Articulation and Resonance): Spectrographic Analysis

A

method of identifying the harmonic/spectral content of sounds over time.

Time (seconds) -Horizontal axis,

Frequency (Hz) -Vertical axis,

Intensity of resonating frequencies - degree of darkness

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13
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Vowels

A

Resonating frequencies are related to the size of the space in the cavity,

Shaping the vocal tract to generate particular vowel sounds is independent of vocal fold vibration

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14
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Diphthongs

A

Two vowels produced together as one unit,

Formant transition -see a shift in the frequencies

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15
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Nasals

A

Produced with a lowered velum,

Sound is resonated in both the oral and nasal cavity but the sound exits only the nasal cavity

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16
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Nasal Formant

A

Low frequency because of the combined pharyngeal and nasal cavities (large space)

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17
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Nasal Murmur

A

Sound exiting the nasal cavity (gets damped and does not have strong intensity)

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18
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Glides

A

Semivowels,

Always voiced (not completely smooth and laminar but not turbulent either),

Very quick gliding tongue movement

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19
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Liquids

A

Tongue position does not change during production of the sound,

Lowering of F3

20
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Stops

A

Silent gap,

Release burst

21
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Fricatives

A

Turbulent flow,

Aperiodic noise

22
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Affricates

A

Combination of a stop and fricative,

Silent gap followed by friction noise

23
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Coarticulation

A

Overlapping of articulatory movements in time so that the acoustic characteristics of adjacent sounds influence each other

24
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Suprasegmentals, Intonation

A

Variation of the fundamental frequency over an utterance

25
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Suprasegmentals, Stress

A

Emphasis placed on a syllable or word by increasing pitch, intensity, and/or duration

26
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Suprasegmentals, Duration

A

Length of time a speech sound lasts

27
Q

(Articulation and Resonance): Clinical Applications of Spectral Analysis

A

Hearing impairment,

Neurological disorders,

Resonance problems

28
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Resonance Problems, Hypernasality

A

Excessive nasal resonance

29
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Resonance Problems, Hyponasality

A

Insufficient nasal resonance

30
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Resonance Problems, Nasal emissions

A

Air escape through nasal cavities

31
Q

(Articulation and Resonance) (Spectrographic Analysis): Resonance Problems, Cul-de-sac resonance

A

Muffles sound to the voice

32
Q

(Articulation and Resonance): Cleft Palate

A

Hole/gap in the hard and/or soft palate,

Difficulties with feeding in infancy,

High risk for frequent ear infections,

Surgery is required to repair the cleft,

May need orthodontic care,

May have articulation and/or resonance difficulties

33
Q

(Articulation and Resonance): Cleft Palate, Complete cleft of the palate

A

Starts at the incisive foramen,

Follows along the intermaxillary suture of the palatine processes of the maxilla,

Continues between the horizontal plates of the palatine bones,

Goes through the soft palate

34
Q

(Articulation and Resonance): Cleft Palate, Partial cleft of the palate

A

Starts at a point posterior to the incisive foramen,

May include a cleft through the part of the hard palate and soft palate,

May only involve the soft palate

35
Q

(Speech Development): Motor Skills Development, Cephalocaudually

A

head to tail

36
Q

(Speech Development): Motor Skills Development, Proximodistally

A

medial structures to distal structures

37
Q

(Speech Development): Motor Control, Stabilization

A

Speech is a fine motor skill that requires good stabilization of the trunk and neck muscles

38
Q

Deglutition, Definition:

A

Swallowing

39
Q

Mastication, Definition:

A

Chewing

40
Q

Bolus, Definition:

A

Ball of food or liquid to be swallowed

41
Q

(Deglutition): Structural difference between adult and infant

A

Oral cavity is smaller,

Larynx is elevated,

Hyoid is elevated and forward,

Larger velum,

No teeth

42
Q

Dysphagia, Definition:

A

Any difficulty, discomfort, or pain associated with swallowing; a swallowing disorder

43
Q

(Deglutition): Signs of Dysphagia

A

Frequent coughing or clearing of airway when eating food or liquids,

Wet sounding voice,

Pain when swallowing,

Recurring pneumonia

44
Q

(Deglutition): Causes of Dysphagia, Obstructive

A

Cancer of the mouth or larynx,

Reflux

45
Q

(Deglutition): Causes of Dysphagia, Neurological

A

Stroke,

Parkinson’s Disease,

Multiple Sclerosis,

Brain tumors

46
Q

(Deglutition): Causes of Dysphagia, Congenital and Developmental

A

Cerebral palsy,

Cleft lip and palate

COMD 3100 (27 decks)

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