Chapter 3 Phonatory System: Laryngeal Cartilages and joints

Question 1

Structures of the Phonatory System

Answer 1

Hyoid Bone ,

Larynx; 
Cartilages, 
Joints, 
Ligaments and Membranes, 
Muscles

Question 2

(Structures of Hyoid Bone): Body (corpus)

Answer 2

Is very mobile.
Does not connect to any other bone in the body.

Structures include projections; the Greater cornu and the Lesser cornu

Question 3

(Structures of Hyoid Bone): Greater cornu

Answer 3

Articulate with the superior horns (cornu) of thyroid cartilage

Question 4

(Structures of Hyoid Bone): Lesser cornu

Answer 4

Cone shaped; rise superiorly

Question 5

Larynx

Answer 5

Protects lower passageway from foreign materials,

Can be used to hold air in lungs,

Generates sound

Question 6

Laryngeal Cartilages

Answer 6

Thyroid Cartilage,

Cricoid Cartilage,

Arytenoid Cartilages,

Corniculate Cartilages,

Cuneiform Cartilages,

Epiglottic Cartilage(Epiglottis)

Question 7

(Laryngeal Cartilages): Thyroid Cartilage

Answer 7

Largest of the laryngeal cartilages,

Articulates inferiorly with cricoid cartilage

Question 8

(Laryngeal Cartilages)

(Structures of Thyroid Cartilage): Thyroid laminae

Answer 8

Also called quadrilateral plates

Question 9

(Laryngeal Cartilages)

(Structures of Thyroid Cartilage): Thyroid angle

Answer 9

Point at which the two thyroid laminae come together

Question 10

(Laryngeal Cartilages)
(Structures of Thyroid Cartilage):

Thyroid notch

Answer 10

Superior-most point of thyroid angle

Question 11

(Laryngeal Cartilages)

(Structures of Thyroid Cartilage): Thyroid prominence

Answer 11

“Adam’s Apple”

Question 12

(Laryngeal Cartilages)

(Structures of Thyroid Cartilage): Cornu

Answer 12

Located on the posterior portion of thyroid,
2 sets,
Superior, Points toward hyoid bone,
Inferior, Rest on cricoid cartilage

Question 13

(Laryngeal Cartilages): Cricoid Cartilage

Answer 13

Most inferior cartilage of larynx,

Unpaired, ring-shaped

Question 14

(Laryngeal Cartilages)
(Structures of Cricoid Cartilage):

Arch

Answer 14

Low narrow portion in front,

Provides clearance for the vocal folds

Question 15

(Laryngeal Cartilages)
(Structures of Cricoid Cartilage):

Posterior quadrate lamina

Answer 15

Wide and thick portion in back,

Provides point of articulation for arytenoid cartilages

Question 16

(Laryngeal Cartilages): Arytenoid Cartilage

Answer 16

Located on superior surface of cricoid cartilage

Allows for rocking, gliding, and rotating, (Important for onset and offset of voicing)

Question 17

(Laryngeal Cartilages)
Pyramidal shape which includes

Structures of Arytenoid Cartilage

Answer 17

Base,
Apex,
Vocal Process; Projects anteriorly toward the thyroid notch, Location of the vocal fold attachment
Muscular process;
Projects laterally on the arytenoid,
Point of attachment for muscles that adduct and abduct the vocal folds

Question 18

(Laryngeal Cartilages): Corniculate Cartilages

Answer 18

Small horn-shaped, extension of arytenoids,

Support aryepiglottic fold

Question 19

(Laryngeal Cartilages): Cuneiform Cartilages

Answer 19

Small cartilages embedded within the aryepiglottic fold,

Anterior to corniculate cartilages,

Provide support for laryngeal covering

Question 20

(Laryngeal Cartilages): Epiglottic Cartilage (Epiglottis)

Answer 20

Leaf-like structure,

Stem (petiolus) arises from the inner surface of the thyroid angle, just below notch,

Attaches by means of the thyroepiglottic ligament,

Protects airway by deflecting food and liquids from being swallowed,

Epiglottis attaches to the hyoid bone via the hyoepiglottic ligament,

Surface of epiglottis is covered with a mucous membrane lining

Question 21

(Laryngeal Joints): Cricothyroid joint

Answer 21

Synovial (diarthroidial) joint that allows the thyroid to tilt downward. This stretches and tenses the vocal folds,

Joint provides the major adjustments for change in vocal pitch

Question 22

(Laryngeal Joints): Cricoarytenoid joint

Answer 22

Concave portion of arytenoids articulates with convex portion of cricoid lamina,

Synovial joint (Saddle joint) allows for rocking, gliding, and minimal rotation,

Involved in adduction and abduction of vocal folds