Chapter 5 part 2 Flashcards
sound characterized by a single frequency of vibration
Simple periodic
What is an example of a simple periodic sound?
Tuning fork
sound characterized by more than one frequency of vibration
Complex periodic
What is an example of a complex periodic sound?
Vocal folds
Sound without an identifiable period of vibration
Aperiodic
What is an example of an aperiodic sound?
Voiceless phonemes
sound with both periodic and aperiodic elements
Mixed periodic/aperiodic
What is an example of a mixed periodic/aperiodic sound?
Affricates
What 3 types of sounds are found in speech?
Complex periodic, aperiodic, mixed periodic/aperiodic
lowest frequency of the complex phonatory source; the rate of vibration of the vocal folds
Fundamental frequency
What is the fundamental frequency for males, females, and children?
120, 220, 250
The average fundamental frequency at which vocal folds vibrate most efficiently
Optimal Fundamental frequency
What is the optimal fundamental frequency based on?
Anatomy and physiology of the larynx
The average fundamental frequency at which an individual’s vocal folds vibrate during normal conversational speech
Habitual fundamental frequency
What is the habitual fundamental frequency based on?
How someone uses their larynx
What is the fundamental frequency range of men?
90 to 360 Hz
What is the fundamental frequency range of women?
190 to 760 Hz
air stream passes between folds vibrate as result of elastic quality of tissue interacting with aerodynamic principles embodied in Bernoulli Principle; only acknowledges 5th layer of vocal folds
Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory
- looks at vocal folds as series of loosely connected masses
- acknowledges the loose linkage of the epithelial layer and vocal ligament
- accounts for the undulation which results in the phase difference seen during vibration (inferior-superior vibration)
- acknowledges all 5 layers of the vocal folds
Mucoviscoelastic aerodynamic Theory: Tietze
How do we make the various laryngeal adjustments of speech?
Pitch and intensity change
force exerted toward the midline which tends to keep vocal folds approximated
Medial compression
What do the vocal folds look like with high pitch?
Longer
Thin
Stiff
Rigid
How do you lower pitch?
increase mass per unit length or decrease tension
How do you change vocal intensity?
subglottal pressure and closed phase of vibration
greater jitter and variability = _____ voice
Rough
indication of inefficient phonation
vocal folds are not completely closed (adducted) together
Breathiness
What happens to pitch of voice if tension increases?
Increases
What happens to pitch of voice if tension decreases?
Decrease
What happens to pitch of voice if mass increases?
Decrease
What happens to pitch of voice if mass decreases?
Increase
