Chapter 5 part 2

Question 1

sound characterized by a single frequency of vibration

Answer 1

Simple periodic

Question 2

What is an example of a simple periodic sound?

Answer 2

Tuning fork

Question 3

sound characterized by more than one frequency of vibration

Answer 3

Complex periodic

Question 4

What is an example of a complex periodic sound?

Answer 4

Vocal folds

Question 5

Sound without an identifiable period of vibration

Answer 5

Aperiodic

Question 6

What is an example of an aperiodic sound?

Answer 6

Voiceless phonemes

Question 7

sound with both periodic and aperiodic elements

Answer 7

Mixed periodic/aperiodic

Question 8

What is an example of a mixed periodic/aperiodic sound?

Answer 8

Affricates

Question 9

What 3 types of sounds are found in speech?

Answer 9

Complex periodic, aperiodic, mixed periodic/aperiodic

Question 10

lowest frequency of the complex phonatory source; the rate of vibration of the vocal folds

Answer 10

Fundamental frequency

Question 11

What is the fundamental frequency for males, females, and children?

Answer 11

120, 220, 250

Question 12

The average fundamental frequency at which vocal folds vibrate most efficiently

Answer 12

Optimal Fundamental frequency

Question 13

What is the optimal fundamental frequency based on?

Answer 13

Anatomy and physiology of the larynx

Question 14

The average fundamental frequency at which an individual’s vocal folds vibrate during normal conversational speech

Answer 14

Habitual fundamental frequency

Question 15

What is the habitual fundamental frequency based on?

Answer 15

How someone uses their larynx

Question 16

What is the fundamental frequency range of men?

Answer 16

90 to 360 Hz

Question 17

What is the fundamental frequency range of women?

Answer 17

190 to 760 Hz

Question 18

air stream passes between folds vibrate as result of elastic quality of tissue interacting with aerodynamic principles embodied in Bernoulli Principle; only acknowledges 5th layer of vocal folds

Answer 18

Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory

Question 19

• looks at vocal folds as series of loosely connected masses
• acknowledges the loose linkage of the epithelial layer and vocal ligament
• accounts for the undulation which results in the phase difference seen during vibration (inferior-superior vibration)
• acknowledges all 5 layers of the vocal folds

Answer 19

Mucoviscoelastic aerodynamic Theory: Tietze

Question 20

How do we make the various laryngeal adjustments of speech?

Answer 20

Pitch and intensity change

Question 21

force exerted toward the midline which tends to keep vocal folds approximated

Answer 21

Medial compression

Question 22

What do the vocal folds look like with high pitch?

Answer 22

Longer
Thin
Stiff
Rigid

Question 23

How do you lower pitch?

Answer 23

increase mass per unit length or decrease tension

Question 24

How do you change vocal intensity?

Answer 24

subglottal pressure and closed phase of vibration

Question 25

greater jitter and variability = _____ voice

Answer 25

Rough

Question 26

indication of inefficient phonation

vocal folds are not completely closed (adducted) together

Answer 26

Breathiness

Question 27

What happens to pitch of voice if tension increases?

Answer 27

Increases

Question 28

What happens to pitch of voice if tension decreases?

Answer 28

Decrease

Question 29

What happens to pitch of voice if mass increases?

Answer 29

Decrease

Question 30

What happens to pitch of voice if mass decreases?

Answer 30

Increase