Chapter 3 Part 2 Flashcards
What is the difference between infant and adult breathing?
Infants have shallow and rapid breathing 3x as much as adults
What is the average breathing rate for adults?
12-15 breaths per minute
What is the average breathing rate for infants?
36-45
Control of ___ is most important in speech
Exhalation
What happens to the force that is trying to return the rib cage to rest as the farther the rib cage is expanded?
Force increases
Patm
Atmospheric pressure
Pm
Mouth/intraoral pressure
Ps
Subglottal pressure
Pal
Alveolar/pulmonic pressure
Ppl
Pleural/intrapleural pressure
What happens to alveolar pressure and pleural pressure during quiet inspiration?
Pal drops to -2 cm H2O and Ppl drops to -10 cm H2O
What happens to alveolar pressure and pleural pressure during quiet expiration?
Pal increases to +2 cm H2O and Ppl increases to -6 cm H2O
Keeps alveoli from collapsing and keeps fluid from capillaries from entering alveoli
Surfactant
Pm Ps Pal are the same
Negative during inspiration
Positive during expiration
Open vocal folds
Pm decreases
Ps increases
Closed vocal folds
What is the minimum amount of pressure required to vibrate the vocal folds for speech?
3-5 cm H2O
What are 3 factors that affect expiration?
Torque, gravity, elasticity
What type of pressure do we need to maintain for speech?
Ps
Regular quiet breathing: __% insp., __% exp.
40, 60
Speech: __% insp., __% exp.
10, 90
by checking (impeding) the flow of air through control of inspiratory muscles to keep Ps constant for speech
Checking action
What lung volume increases with age?
Residual volume
At what percent of resting lung volume are the lungs “at rest?”
38%
How many alveoli do you have when you are 9 years old?
300 Million
