Chapter 12 Part 1 Flashcards
What is the resting membrane potential?
-70 mV
What is threshold potential before depolarization happens?
-55 mV
Where do action potentials occur?
Nodes of Ranvier
Point where Na+ channels open
Depolarization
Point where Na+ channels close and K+ channels open
Repolarization
Point where K+ channels close
Hyperpolarization
Responsible for planning and organizing speech movements; articulation and and grammar, syntax
Broca’s Area
Responsible for semantics; storage and retrieval of mental representations of words, word meaning, grammar and linguistic rules
Wernicke’s Area
White matter pathway connecting posterior and anterior language areas
Arcuate fasiculus
Primary auditory cortex responsible for perception and discrimination of auditory stimulus
Heschl’s gyrus
Acquired language disorders in adults
Aphasia
Developmental issues of learning language in children
Dysphasia
What types of aphasia are there?
Anomic, Broca’s, Wernicke’s, global
Problems with naming and word finding; tip of the tongue phenomenon, fluent and can understand well
Anomic aphasia
Problems with syntax, speech is effortful and non-fluent; difficulty with speech output but understanding is good
Broca’s aphasia
Problems with vocabulary, speech is effortless, fluent speech but comprehension/content of speech is messed up
Wernicke’s aphasia
Most severe type of aphasia, entire language system is wiped out
Global aphasia
Effortless speech, normal rate, grammar is okay, syntax is okay, normal intonation pattern, use all word types
Fluent
Effortful speech, slow rate, grammar reduced, syntax is poor, monotone, tend to leave out function words, rely on nouns
Nonfluent
What is the lesion area for anomic aphasia?
Temporal/parietal lobe
Talk “around” the word, try to get meaning across
Circumlocutions
Errors in speaking with a phonological or semantic error
Paraphasias
“dat” for “cat” or “bite” for “kite”; phonemic or literal
Phonologic errors
“dog” for “cat” or “spoon” for “fork”
Semantic errors
Made-up words, non-words that have no meaning
Neologisms
String of neologisms with connecting words
Jargon
Aphasia associated with jargon and neologisms
Wernicke’s aphasia
