Chapter 5 Flashcards
audible disturbance in air
Sound
vibratory motion that has one period of vibration
Simple harmonic motion
number of cycles per second (Hz)
Frequency
time taken to complete one cycle (m/sec)
Period
The frequency of a vibration is determined by… (2)
Mass and tension
What happens to frequency if we increase mass?
Decrease frequency
What happens to frequency if we increase tension?
Increase frequency
The property of matter that causes it to return to original shape after being deformed
Elasticity
property of a body that tends to oppose any change in velocity of the body
Inertia
the tendency for a body to vibrate at a specific frequency, based upon physical characteristics of the vibrating body.
Resonance
What is an example of resonance?
Singing vs normal speech, tuning fork made for 1 frequency
What are 3 factors needed to change resonant frequency?
length, tension, mass
What are the 3 stages of phonation?
Onset, Sustained phonation, offset
What occurs during onset?
Adduction of vocal folds, phonation begins and can be sustained
breath stream starts as folds adduct
Simultaneous attack “zero”
What is an example of a simultaneous attack?
Normal speech
breath stream starts before folds adduct
Breathy attack
breath stream starts after folds adduct
Glottal attack
What are 5 factors that sustain phonation?
subglottal pressure, intraoral pressure, glottal airflow, degree of constriction of vocal folds, elasticity and tension of vocal folds
What happens during the offset phase of phonation?
Abduction of the vocal folds, small decrease in pressure and phonation will stop
phonatory pattern used during normal phonation
Modal phonation
__% of speech is modal phonation
99
What are the 2 simultaneous patterns of vibration make up modal phonation?
Transverse dimension, vertical dimension
vocal folds become thin & elongated and voice is a higher range
Falsetto
Lower pitch range, quiet phonation
Glottal fry
During glottal fry ___% of the vocal folds stays closed
90
What is the sub glottal pressure during glottal fry?
2 Cm H2O
Rapid, small changes in pitch
Vibrato
Non-phonatory sound production; hear turbulence as air passes through constriction
Whisper
Why is whispering abusive to the vocal folds?
have to recruit more air to whisper and using a lot of force in the respiratory system which damages vocal folds
