Chapter 5: Osseus Tissue

Question 1

name the two ways bones are classified

Answer 1

shape or type

Question 2

name the five types of bone shapes

Answer 2

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

Question 3

examples of long bones

Answer 3

humerus, ulna, femur, tibia, fingers and toe bones

Question 4

define long bones

Answer 4

greater in length than width

Question 5

define short bones

Answer 5

almost equal length and width

Question 6

exmaples of short bones

Answer 6

carpal bones and tarsal bones

Question 7

define flat bones

Answer 7

thin, large surface areas for attachment

Question 8

example of flat bones

Answer 8

skull, scapula, sternum, ribs

Question 9

define irregular bones

Answer 9

complex shapes, all other shapes

Question 10

irregular bone examples

Answer 10

vertebrae, calcaneous, coxal

Question 11

define sesamoid bones

Answer 11

develop in tendons where friction occurs, number can vary

Question 12

examples of where sesamoid bones can be found

Answer 12

patella, feet

Question 13

define diaphysis

Answer 13

shaft of bone, thin and in the middle made of compressed compact bone (will sometimes have spongy bone)

Question 14

define epiphysis

Answer 14

proximal and distal ends of the bone; made of spongy bone

Question 15

define medullary cavity

Answer 15

cavity within diaphysis where marrow is located

Question 16

this type of marrow is made in adule and made of this type of tissue

Answer 16

yellow marrow, made mostly of adipose tissue

Question 17

this type of marrow is made in children and has a specific function to…

Answer 17

red marrow, makes new blood cells

Question 18

define metaphysis

Answer 18

region between diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 19

why can yellow marrow turn back to red?

Answer 19

when there is extreme blood loss or are at high altitudes, yellow converts to red to produce blood cells

Question 20

define periosteum

Answer 20

the outer covering of the bone (except articular surfaces). It adheres with collagen fibers

Question 21

define endosteum

Answer 21

lining of the medullary cavity

Question 22

define articular cartilage

Answer 22

hyaline cartilage made to reduce friction

Question 23

where is articular carilage found

Answer 23

articulating surfaces of long bones, at the end of the epipysis

Question 24

define epipyseal plate

Answer 24

“growth plate,” the line of hyaline between the diaphysis and epiphysis within the metaphosis

Question 25

define Endochondral Ossification

Answer 25

cartilage replaced by bone tissue, the process of bones growing in length

Question 26

what type of tissue is osseous tissue

Answer 26

connective

Question 27

what is the extracellular matrix of osseous tissue made of

Answer 27

calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide which make hydroxyapatite crystal and collagen fibers

Question 28

what are the different cells of the osseous tissue

Answer 28

osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblast, osteocytes, and osteoclast