Chapter 5: Osseus Tissue Flashcards
name the two ways bones are classified
shape or type
name the five types of bone shapes
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
examples of long bones
humerus, ulna, femur, tibia, fingers and toe bones
define long bones
greater in length than width
define short bones
almost equal length and width
exmaples of short bones
carpal bones and tarsal bones
define flat bones
thin, large surface areas for attachment
example of flat bones
skull, scapula, sternum, ribs
define irregular bones
complex shapes, all other shapes
irregular bone examples
vertebrae, calcaneous, coxal
define sesamoid bones
develop in tendons where friction occurs, number can vary
examples of where sesamoid bones can be found
patella, feet
define diaphysis
shaft of bone, thin and in the middle made of compressed compact bone (will sometimes have spongy bone)
define epiphysis
proximal and distal ends of the bone; made of spongy bone
define medullary cavity
cavity within diaphysis where marrow is located
this type of marrow is made in adule and made of this type of tissue
yellow marrow, made mostly of adipose tissue
this type of marrow is made in children and has a specific function to…
red marrow, makes new blood cells
define metaphysis
region between diaphysis and epiphysis
why can yellow marrow turn back to red?
when there is extreme blood loss or are at high altitudes, yellow converts to red to produce blood cells
define periosteum
the outer covering of the bone (except articular surfaces). It adheres with collagen fibers
define endosteum
lining of the medullary cavity
define articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage made to reduce friction
where is articular carilage found
articulating surfaces of long bones, at the end of the epipysis
define epipyseal plate
“growth plate,” the line of hyaline between the diaphysis and epiphysis within the metaphosis
define Endochondral Ossification
cartilage replaced by bone tissue, the process of bones growing in length
what type of tissue is osseous tissue
connective
what is the extracellular matrix of osseous tissue made of
calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide which make hydroxyapatite crystal and collagen fibers
what are the different cells of the osseous tissue
osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblast, osteocytes, and osteoclast
