Chapter 26: Urinary System Flashcards
what are the functions of the urinary system
regulate blood contents (including ions, pH, glucose, volume, and pressure), produce hormones, and excrete waste
what are the four organs of the urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
where are the kidneys located
posterior abdominal wall, anterior to the 11th and `12th floating ribs
kidneys are what type of organs
retroparitoneal organs
is the right kidney higher or lower than the left
lower
what is the renal hilum
the medial indentation where ureter, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit
what are the two regions of the kidney
cortex and medulla
what is found in the renal medulla
renal pyramids and the renal papilla
what is found in the renal cortex
renal columns
what is the renal lobe
1 renal pyramid and it’s surrounding cortex
what are nephrons
millions of microscopic structures that filter blood by altering its contents and removing waste in the form of urine
what is the track for urine after nephrons filter it’s contents
papillary ducts to minor calyces to major calyces to renal pelvis
the renal arteries branch off the
abdominal aorta
the renal veins carry blood to the
inferior vena cava
where are the renal veins located
anterior to renal arteries
where is the left renal vein
crossing over the abdominal aorta
how much cardiac output do the kidneys recieve
20-25%
what is cardiac output
amount of blood filtered with each heartbeat
what are the two structures that make up the nephron
renal corpuscle and renal tubule
what are the two structures of the renal corpuscle
glomerulus and glomerular/boman’s capsule
what is the glomerulus
an arteriole bundle that receives blood from the afferent anterior and dispenses blood through the efferent arteriole
what is the glomerular carpsule (boman’s capsule)
the surrounding area of the glomerulus that collects plasma and molecules from blood that filer out of glomerulus (filtrate)
what are the parts of the renal tubule
proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule
what is filtered in and out when filtrate moves through the renal tubule
water, ions, and molecules
what is the papillary duct
a collecting of several collecting ducts
when does filtrate become urine
once it is in the papillary duct
what is the lining of the ureters
transitional epithelium
where is the urinary bladder in males
anterior to the rectum
where is the urinary bladder in females
anterior to the vagina and uterus
what is the lining of the urinary bladder
transitional epithelium, is stratified cuboidal when empty and stratified squamous when full
what is the wall of the urinary bladder called
detrusor muscle
what type of muscle is the detrusor muscle
smooth
what is the lining of the urethra
stratified squamous epithelium
what type of muscle is the internal urethral sphincter
smooth muscle
what type of muscle is the external urethral sphincter
skeletal muscle
how much urine volume will cause stretch receptors to signal the brain
200-400ml
how much can the bladder hold
700-800ml
