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HSS305 Anatomy > Chapter 24: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 24: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory system works with ______ system

A

cardiovascular

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2
Q

what does respiratory system do

A

supply blood with o2 and removes co2

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3
Q

what are the two pathways in the respiratory system

A

upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract

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4
Q

what are the two parts of the upper RT

A

nose and pharynx

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5
Q

what are the parts of the lower RT

A

larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs

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6
Q

what are the functions of the nose

A

warm, moisten, and filter air

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7
Q

what nerve goes to the nose

A

CN1

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8
Q

what is the external bone of the nose

A

nasal bone and maxilla

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9
Q

what is the cartilage that makes up the external nose

A

hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

what are external nares

A

opening of the nose/nostrils

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11
Q

what is the roof of the nasal cavity (nasal vestibule)

A

ethmoid and sphenoid bone

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12
Q

what is the floor of the nasal cavity (nasal vestibule)

A

hard palate

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13
Q

what is the nasal cavity divided by

A

nasal septum

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14
Q

what is the anterior nasal septum made of

A

hyaline carilage

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15
Q

what is the posterior nasal septum made of

A

perpendicular plante and vomer, bone

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16
Q

what are the projections of the nose

A

nasal conchae

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17
Q

what do nasal conchae do

A

warm and filter air

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18
Q

name two openings inside the nasal cavity

A

nasolacrimal duct and paranasal sinus

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19
Q

what does the nasolacrimal duct do

A

connect nasal cavity to eyes to produce tears

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20
Q

what tissue is the lining of the nose

A

PCCE

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21
Q

what is the next respiratory structure after the nose

A

the pharynx

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22
Q

where is the pharynx

A

anterior to the vertebral column

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23
Q

what are the walls of the pharynx made of

A

skeletal muscle and mucous membrane

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24
Q

what are the three regions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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25
Q

where is the nasopharynx

A

posterior to the nasal cavity, between sphenoid bone and soft palate

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26
Q

what causes swallowing in the nasopharynx

A

the soft palate and uvula close off

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27
Q

name an opening in the nasopharynx

A

the pharngotympanic tube/auditory tube

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28
Q

what does the pharngotympanic tube/auditory tube do

A

connect to the middle ear to equality pressure

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29
Q

where is the pharyngeal tonsils/adenoid

A

the posterior wall of the nasopharynx

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30
Q

where is the oropharynx

A

between the soft palate and epiglottis

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31
Q

what tonsil is found in the oropharynx

A

palatine and lingual tonsils

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32
Q

what is the tissue lining the oropharynx

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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33
Q

where is the larngopharynx

A

ends into esophagus or larynx

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34
Q

what is the tissue lining of the larngopharynx

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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35
Q

what airway connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea

A

larynx

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36
Q

what is your adams apple called

A

larengeal prominence

37
Q

where can the larengeal prominence be found

A

thyroid cartilage

38
Q

what keeps the thyroid cartilage in place

A

ligaments that attach it to the hyoid bone and epiglottis

39
Q

what is the function of the thyroid cartilage

A

maintain open airway

40
Q

what does cricoid cartilage look like

A

bat symbol

41
Q

where is the cricoid cartilage

A

inferior to thyroid cartilage, superior to thyroid gland

42
Q

what is cricoid cartilage made of

A

hyaline cartilage

43
Q

what is the function of cricoid cartilage

A

maintain open airways

44
Q

what does the epiglottis seperate

A

orpharynx from larangopharynx

45
Q

what is the function of cricoid cartilage

A

maintain open airways

46
Q

what is the epiglottis made of

A

elastic cartilage

47
Q

how does epiglottis close opening to larynx

A

when we swallow, muscles contract to lift larynx to meet epiglottis

48
Q

what is vocal folds

A

mucous membrane lining larynx

49
Q

what are the two types of vocal folds

A

true and false

50
Q

properties of true vocal folds

A

produce sound, membrane covers inferior ligaments

51
Q

properties of false vocal folds

A

do not produce sound, membrane covers superior ligament in larynx

52
Q

the true and false vocal folds are lined with

A

Stratified SE

53
Q

the larynx is lined with

A

PCCE

54
Q

where is the trachea

A

anterior to the esophagus

55
Q

what is located on the trachea

A

c shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

56
Q

where are the rings of carilage

A

anterior and lateral trachea

57
Q

what trachea is lined with

A

PCCE

58
Q

if you smoke, what happens to the trachea

A

the PCCE turns into stratified squamous epithelium

59
Q

where is the cough reflex

A

carina

60
Q

where does the trachea turn into the bronchi

A

at the carina

61
Q

describe the right primary bronchi compared to that of the left

A

the right sits at a vertical angle, and is shorter and wider because of the location of the heart

62
Q

what is the bronchi lined with

A

PCCE

63
Q

describe the transition of the type of bronchi

A

primary to secondary to tertiary to bronchioles to terminal bronchioles to alveoli

64
Q

as cartilage decreases in the bronchi _____ increases

A

smooth muscle

65
Q

what is the tissue in the bronchi

A

PCCE

66
Q

what is the tissue in bronchioles

A

simple CCE

67
Q

what is the tissue in terminal bronchioles

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

68
Q

what happens when someone has asthma

A

the smooth muscle in bronchi and bronchioles contracts to decrease diameter, reducing airflow

69
Q

what are clusters of alveoli

A

alveolar sacs

70
Q

what do alveoli do

A

they are the site of gas exchange between lungs and blood

71
Q

what is the lining of alveoli

A

simple squamous epithelial cells

72
Q

what are the two specialized cells in the alveoli

A

type I and type II pneumocytes

73
Q

what are type 1 pneumocytes made of

A

simple squamous epithelial cells

74
Q

what do type 1 pneumocytes do

A

gas exchange between alveoli and blood/diffusion

75
Q

what do type II pneumocytes do

A

produce and secrete surfactant

76
Q

what are type II pneumocytes made of

A

cube shaped secretory cells

77
Q

what does surfactant do

A

reduce surface tension inside alveoli, keep it from collapsing

78
Q

what separates the two lungs

A

mediastinum

79
Q

what are the layers of the serous membrane/pleura

A

parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleaura

80
Q

what does pleural fluid do

A

reduce friction between membranes

81
Q

where is the hilum of the lungs

A

the medial surface

82
Q

what is located at the hilum

A

pulmonary vessels and primary bronchi

83
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have

A

two

84
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have

A

three

85
Q

what is the oblique fissure

A

divide the superior and inferior lobe

86
Q

what is the horizontal fissure

A

division between the superior and middle lobe on the right lung

87
Q

what are the two impressions on the left lung

A

cardiac notch and groove for aorta

88
Q

what are the two impressions on the right lung

A

groove for azygos vein and groove for SVC

HSS305 Anatomy (20 decks)

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