Chapter 24: Respiratory System Flashcards
respiratory system works with ______ system
cardiovascular
what does respiratory system do
supply blood with o2 and removes co2
what are the two pathways in the respiratory system
upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract
what are the two parts of the upper RT
nose and pharynx
what are the parts of the lower RT
larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
what are the functions of the nose
warm, moisten, and filter air
what nerve goes to the nose
CN1
what is the external bone of the nose
nasal bone and maxilla
what is the cartilage that makes up the external nose
hyaline cartilage
what are external nares
opening of the nose/nostrils
what is the roof of the nasal cavity (nasal vestibule)
ethmoid and sphenoid bone
what is the floor of the nasal cavity (nasal vestibule)
hard palate
what is the nasal cavity divided by
nasal septum
what is the anterior nasal septum made of
hyaline carilage
what is the posterior nasal septum made of
perpendicular plante and vomer, bone
what are the projections of the nose
nasal conchae
what do nasal conchae do
warm and filter air
name two openings inside the nasal cavity
nasolacrimal duct and paranasal sinus
what does the nasolacrimal duct do
connect nasal cavity to eyes to produce tears
what tissue is the lining of the nose
PCCE
what is the next respiratory structure after the nose
the pharynx
where is the pharynx
anterior to the vertebral column
what are the walls of the pharynx made of
skeletal muscle and mucous membrane
what are the three regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
where is the nasopharynx
posterior to the nasal cavity, between sphenoid bone and soft palate
what causes swallowing in the nasopharynx
the soft palate and uvula close off
name an opening in the nasopharynx
the pharngotympanic tube/auditory tube
what does the pharngotympanic tube/auditory tube do
connect to the middle ear to equality pressure
where is the pharyngeal tonsils/adenoid
the posterior wall of the nasopharynx
where is the oropharynx
between the soft palate and epiglottis
what tonsil is found in the oropharynx
palatine and lingual tonsils
what is the tissue lining the oropharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
where is the larngopharynx
ends into esophagus or larynx
what is the tissue lining of the larngopharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
what airway connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea
larynx
what is your adams apple called
larengeal prominence
where can the larengeal prominence be found
thyroid cartilage
what keeps the thyroid cartilage in place
ligaments that attach it to the hyoid bone and epiglottis
what is the function of the thyroid cartilage
maintain open airway
what does cricoid cartilage look like
bat symbol
where is the cricoid cartilage
inferior to thyroid cartilage, superior to thyroid gland
what is cricoid cartilage made of
hyaline cartilage
what is the function of cricoid cartilage
maintain open airways
what does the epiglottis seperate
orpharynx from larangopharynx
what is the function of cricoid cartilage
maintain open airways
what is the epiglottis made of
elastic cartilage
how does epiglottis close opening to larynx
when we swallow, muscles contract to lift larynx to meet epiglottis
what is vocal folds
mucous membrane lining larynx
what are the two types of vocal folds
true and false
properties of true vocal folds
produce sound, membrane covers inferior ligaments
properties of false vocal folds
do not produce sound, membrane covers superior ligament in larynx
the true and false vocal folds are lined with
Stratified SE
the larynx is lined with
PCCE
where is the trachea
anterior to the esophagus
what is located on the trachea
c shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
where are the rings of carilage
anterior and lateral trachea
what trachea is lined with
PCCE
if you smoke, what happens to the trachea
the PCCE turns into stratified squamous epithelium
where is the cough reflex
carina
where does the trachea turn into the bronchi
at the carina
describe the right primary bronchi compared to that of the left
the right sits at a vertical angle, and is shorter and wider because of the location of the heart
what is the bronchi lined with
PCCE
describe the transition of the type of bronchi
primary to secondary to tertiary to bronchioles to terminal bronchioles to alveoli
as cartilage decreases in the bronchi _____ increases
smooth muscle
what is the tissue in the bronchi
PCCE
what is the tissue in bronchioles
simple CCE
what is the tissue in terminal bronchioles
simple cuboidal epithelium
what happens when someone has asthma
the smooth muscle in bronchi and bronchioles contracts to decrease diameter, reducing airflow
what are clusters of alveoli
alveolar sacs
what do alveoli do
they are the site of gas exchange between lungs and blood
what is the lining of alveoli
simple squamous epithelial cells
what are the two specialized cells in the alveoli
type I and type II pneumocytes
what are type 1 pneumocytes made of
simple squamous epithelial cells
what do type 1 pneumocytes do
gas exchange between alveoli and blood/diffusion
what do type II pneumocytes do
produce and secrete surfactant
what are type II pneumocytes made of
cube shaped secretory cells
what does surfactant do
reduce surface tension inside alveoli, keep it from collapsing
what separates the two lungs
mediastinum
what are the layers of the serous membrane/pleura
parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleaura
what does pleural fluid do
reduce friction between membranes
where is the hilum of the lungs
the medial surface
what is located at the hilum
pulmonary vessels and primary bronchi
how many lobes does the left lung have
two
how many lobes does the right lung have
three
what is the oblique fissure
divide the superior and inferior lobe
what is the horizontal fissure
division between the superior and middle lobe on the right lung
what are the two impressions on the left lung
cardiac notch and groove for aorta
what are the two impressions on the right lung
groove for azygos vein and groove for SVC
