Chapter 20: Blood Flashcards
blood is _____ tissue
liquid connective
the three general functions of blood
transport hormones, gases, and nutrients, regulate extracellular fluid, protection with immunity
if oxygen content is high, blood color is
bright red
if oxygen content is low, blood color is
dark red
average amount of blood in women’s body
4-5 liters
average amount of blood in male body
5-6 liters
45 percent of blood is ______ while the other 55 percent of blood is ______
formed elements (cells) and plasma (extra cellular matrix)
99% of the formed elements in the body are
red blood cells
what is the composition of plasma?
90% water, 10% protein
where are plasma proteins made
liver
what are the three categories of plasma proteins
albumins, globulins, fibrinogens
what do albumins regulate
osmotic pressure and water equilibrium
what do globulins regulate
transportation and antibodies
what do fibrinogens do
clot blood
what are the dissolved substances that make up the plasma
electrolytes, gases, hormones, vitamins, and waste products
name three types of formed elements in the blood
red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets
what is hematocrit
total blood volume occupied by red blood cells
what is a normal hematocrit level
35-50%
why is hematocrit usually higher in males
men have more testosterone to increase red blood cell production
the other name for red blood cells is
erythocytes
what makes red blood cells flexible
no nucleus or organlles
what are red blood cells made of
plasma membrane, cytosol, and hemoglobin
what is the function of hemoglobin
carries oxygen (type of gobulin)
what gives RBC their pigment
hemoglobin
how many iron ions for each hemoglobin protein?
4
what gases does iron bind to in the blood
oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
these are the glycoproteins on the surface of cells
antigens
what is another name for white blood cells
leukocytes
how do leukocytes vary from erythocytes
leukocytes have nucleus and organelles, while erythocytes do not
what are the two types of white blood cells
granular and agranular leukocytes
what is difference between granular and agranular leukocytes
when looking in a light microscope, you can see cells in granular leukocytes but not in agrandular. There are still granular cells present though
what are the three types of granular leukocytes
basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil
what is the function of basophils
allergic reactions and inflammatory responses
what is function of eosinophils
destroy parasites and combat allergic responses
what is function of neutrophils
destroy/phagocytize bacteria
what are the two types of agranular leukocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes
what is the function of lymphocytes
produce antibodies to mediate immune response
what are three types of lymphoctes
T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells
What is the function of monocytes
leave blood and become macrophages
what is another name for platelets
thrombocytes
what are platelets
not entire/whole cell, pieces called megakaryocyte
what do platelets do
stop bleeding by filling holes in vessel walls
what determines blood type in RBC
anigens
what determines blood type in plasma
antibodies
What are the three antigens that determine blood type
A, B, and Rh
What do antibodies do
attack foreign antigens
what happens if blood transfusion is wrong
blood antibodies attach and form intense blood clotting, causing death
what blood type is the universal donor
O
what blood type is the universal recipient
AB
what does - or + mean for the blood?
the presences (or lack of presence) of RH antigens
Rh(-) people have
no Rh antigens and an anti-Rh antibodies, but have inactive genes to make them
Rh(+) people have
Rh antigens
what happens if Rh(-) people are exposed to Rh one time
they will produce anti-Rh antibodies
what happens if Rh(-) people are exposed to Rh antigen a second time
the anti-Rh antibodies previously made will attack
