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HSS305 Anatomy > Chapter 20: Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 20: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

blood is _____ tissue

A

liquid connective

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2
Q

the three general functions of blood

A

transport hormones, gases, and nutrients, regulate extracellular fluid, protection with immunity

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3
Q

if oxygen content is high, blood color is

A

bright red

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4
Q

if oxygen content is low, blood color is

A

dark red

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5
Q

average amount of blood in women’s body

A

4-5 liters

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6
Q

average amount of blood in male body

A

5-6 liters

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7
Q

45 percent of blood is ______ while the other 55 percent of blood is ______

A

formed elements (cells) and plasma (extra cellular matrix)

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8
Q

99% of the formed elements in the body are

A

red blood cells

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9
Q

what is the composition of plasma?

A

90% water, 10% protein

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10
Q

where are plasma proteins made

A

liver

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11
Q

what are the three categories of plasma proteins

A

albumins, globulins, fibrinogens

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12
Q

what do albumins regulate

A

osmotic pressure and water equilibrium

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13
Q

what do globulins regulate

A

transportation and antibodies

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14
Q

what do fibrinogens do

A

clot blood

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15
Q

what are the dissolved substances that make up the plasma

A

electrolytes, gases, hormones, vitamins, and waste products

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16
Q

name three types of formed elements in the blood

A

red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets

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17
Q

what is hematocrit

A

total blood volume occupied by red blood cells

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18
Q

what is a normal hematocrit level

A

35-50%

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19
Q

why is hematocrit usually higher in males

A

men have more testosterone to increase red blood cell production

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20
Q

the other name for red blood cells is

A

erythocytes

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21
Q

what makes red blood cells flexible

A

no nucleus or organlles

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22
Q

what are red blood cells made of

A

plasma membrane, cytosol, and hemoglobin

23
Q

what is the function of hemoglobin

A

carries oxygen (type of gobulin)

24
Q

what gives RBC their pigment

A

hemoglobin

25
Q

how many iron ions for each hemoglobin protein?

A

4

26
Q

what gases does iron bind to in the blood

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide

27
Q

these are the glycoproteins on the surface of cells

A

antigens

28
Q

what is another name for white blood cells

A

leukocytes

29
Q

how do leukocytes vary from erythocytes

A

leukocytes have nucleus and organelles, while erythocytes do not

30
Q

what are the two types of white blood cells

A

granular and agranular leukocytes

31
Q

what is difference between granular and agranular leukocytes

A

when looking in a light microscope, you can see cells in granular leukocytes but not in agrandular. There are still granular cells present though

32
Q

what are the three types of granular leukocytes

A

basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil

33
Q

what is the function of basophils

A

allergic reactions and inflammatory responses

34
Q

what is function of eosinophils

A

destroy parasites and combat allergic responses

35
Q

what is function of neutrophils

A

destroy/phagocytize bacteria

36
Q

what are the two types of agranular leukocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

37
Q

what is the function of lymphocytes

A

produce antibodies to mediate immune response

38
Q

what are three types of lymphoctes

A

T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells

39
Q

What is the function of monocytes

A

leave blood and become macrophages

40
Q

what is another name for platelets

A

thrombocytes

41
Q

what are platelets

A

not entire/whole cell, pieces called megakaryocyte

42
Q

what do platelets do

A

stop bleeding by filling holes in vessel walls

43
Q

what determines blood type in RBC

A

anigens

44
Q

what determines blood type in plasma

A

antibodies

45
Q

What are the three antigens that determine blood type

A

A, B, and Rh

46
Q

What do antibodies do

A

attack foreign antigens

47
Q

what happens if blood transfusion is wrong

A

blood antibodies attach and form intense blood clotting, causing death

48
Q

what blood type is the universal donor

A

O

49
Q

what blood type is the universal recipient

A

AB

50
Q

what does - or + mean for the blood?

A

the presences (or lack of presence) of RH antigens

51
Q

Rh(-) people have

A

no Rh antigens and an anti-Rh antibodies, but have inactive genes to make them

52
Q

Rh(+) people have

A

Rh antigens

53
Q

what happens if Rh(-) people are exposed to Rh one time

A

they will produce anti-Rh antibodies

54
Q

what happens if Rh(-) people are exposed to Rh antigen a second time

A

the anti-Rh antibodies previously made will attack

HSS305 Anatomy (20 decks)

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