Chapter 1: Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards
define anatomy
the science of body structures and the relationships among structures
define macroscopic anatomy
structures that can be seen with the naked eye
define regional anatomy
a type of macroscopic anatomy that studies area by area
define systemic anatomy
a type of macroscopic anatomy that studies system by system
define embryology
the development of structures from conception to birth
define microscopic anatomy
structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye
define cytology
cellular anatomy
define histoloy
the study of tissues
define anatomical position
the reference point used for all directional and regional terms
what does the anatomical position look like
body standing upright, with eyes directed forward, feet flat on the floor with toes forward, arms to the side with palms facing forward
what does a section describe
a cut
sagittal plane
divides structure into right and left sides
define midsagittal plane
the plane that passes through the midline and divides the structure into equal left and right
define parasagittal plane
the plane does not pass through midlin and divides the structure into unequal left and right sides
define transverse plane/horizontal
dividing the superior and inferior/top and bottom
describe frontal plane/coronal
divide into anterior and posterior/front and back
define oblique plane
passes at any angle between sagittal, transverse, and frontal. Any weird direction
define section
a cut through a structure at particular planes and show different perspectives of the body
define body cavity
chamber within the human body
what function does body cavity hold
protect vital organs and allow changes in size and shape for internal organs
where is the thoracic cavity, what does it hold
deep in the chest wall, and houses lungs and heart
where is the pleural cavities and what do they hold
right and left cavities that contain lungs inside the thoracic cavity
what separated the pleural cavities
mediastinum
what is mediastinum
a large mass of tissue
where is pericardial cavity and what does it hold
located inside the mediastinum and contains the heart
where is the abdominopelvic cavity and what does it hold?
deep in the abdominal wall, it contains digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs
what separates the abdominopelvic cavity from the thoracic cavity
the diaphram
what is the diaphram
a muscle that regulates breathing at rest and separates abdominopelvic cavity from thoracic cavity
what does the abdominal cavity hold
the stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, and large intestine
what does the pelvic cavity hold
the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and part of the large intestine.
what is a serous membrane
a membrane that lines the inside wall of the cavities and covers the organs inside those cavities
how is serous membrane constructed
continuous double layer containing serous fluid between two layers
what is the function of serous membrane
to reduce friction, in turn reducing inflammation
what is parietal serous membrane
the lining of inner cavity wall
what is visceral serous membrane
the lining that covers surface of organs within cavity
what is the paricardium
serous membrane associated with the heart
