Chapter 14/15 Flashcards
the two divisions of the nervous system
central and peripheral nervous systems
what is in the central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
what is in the peripheral nervous sytem
everything outside brain and spinal cord
what are the two divisions of the central nervous system
somatic and autonomic
what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
what does the somatic nervous system do
sensory and motor nerves to conduct impulses of skeletal muscles
this system control the voluntary skeletal motion
somatic nervous system
this system control the involuntary motor nerves of the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
autonomic nervous system
this system is stimulated by stress or physical activity
sympathetic nervous system
increases in heart rate, respiratory rate are actions controlled by the
autonomic, sympathetic nervous system
this system dilates your pupils
autonomic, sympathetic nervous system
this system controls resting state and digestion
parasympathetic nervous system
where does the spinal cord extend
from foramen magnum to vertebral level L1/L2
what is the conus medullaris
end of the spinal cord located at L1/L2
what anchors the conus medullaris to the coccyx
filum terminale
this extense from the conus medullaris
pia mater
what is the cauda equina
nervous roots extending from inferior spinal cord
the spinal cord lies within the ______
vertebral canal
what are the three meninges of the spinal cord
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
this is the space between the meninges
epidural space
what kind of space is the epidural space
real
what kind of space is the subdural space
potentional
where is the cerebral fluid located?
in the subarachnoid and central canal
where is a spinal tap performed?
between vertebral L3-L5 in the subarachnoid mater
what are the gray matter structures of the spinal cord?
gray comissure, central canal, and horns
what are the white matter structures of the spinal cord?
white comissure, columns, and tracts
what is a gray commissure
gray matter connecting both sides of the spinal cord
this structure is continuous with the fourth ventricle and contains CSF
central canal
where and what does the ventral horn
anterior, contain cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons
where and what does the lateral horn do
lateral, contain cell bodies of the autonomic motor neurons
where and what does the dorsal horn do
cell bodies of interneurons and sensory neurons
what is on white matter?
myelin
what does the white commisure do
connect white matter of right and left spinal cord
what are the three divisions of white matter on the spinal cord
ventral column, lateral column and dorsal column
what are columns divided into to
tracts
this is an example of a sensory tract
spinothalamic tract
what does the spinothalamic tract do
carry impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus
what type of impulses does the spinothalamtic tract bring to the thalamus
pain, temperature, touch and pressure
these nerve impulses follow the spinothalamic tract in the lateral section
pain and temperature
these nerve impulses follow the spinothalamic tract in the anterior section
touch and pressure
the sensory tracts always move from
bottom to top, ascending
the motor tracts always move from
top to bottom, descending
an example of the motor tract is the
corticospinal tract
the corticospinal tract moves impulses from
cerebral cortex to the spinal cord
the nerve impulses that follow the corticospinal tract in the anterior side control the
axial muscles
the nerve impulses that follow the corticospinal tract in the lateral side control the
limb muscles
define reflexes
fast, involuntary response to stimuli
these are the two types of reflexes
spinal and cranial
these are the two types of spinal reflexes
reflexes you learn and reflexes you are born with
define spinal reflex
integration is in spinal cord
define cranial reflexes
integration is within the brain
give some examples of learned reflexes
depth perception, withdraw, movement when something is coming towards you
give some examples of reflexes one is born with
sneezing, coughing, vomiting (controlled by medulla oblangata!)
