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HSS305 Anatomy > Chapter 3: Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four types of tissue

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

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2
Q

epithelial tissue…

A

covers body surface, lines hollow organs, body cavities, and tubes

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3
Q

connective tissue…

A

protects and supports the body, its organs, and other tissue

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4
Q

muscle tissue…

A

generates force needed for movement, associated with generating heat, breakdown and use of energy

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5
Q

nervous tissue…

A

detects change in internal and external environment, activates changes within the body

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6
Q

what are the defining characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

mostly cells bonded by specialized junctions and attached to basement membrane

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7
Q

what are the functions of epithelial tissue

A

protection, diffusion, secretion, absorption

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8
Q

aprical surface

A

free surface of cells; part of cells facing lumen, cavity or outside

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9
Q

lateral

A

side of cell that faces adjacent cells

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10
Q

basal

A

bottom of the cell, deep side

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11
Q

basement membrane

A

point of attachment and support of the cell

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12
Q

basement membranes also function to

A

slow the spread of disease

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13
Q

extracellular

A

outside cell

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14
Q

intercellular

A

in between cells

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15
Q

intracellular

A

inside the cell

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16
Q

nerve supply

A

contains nerve cells and endings can find inside epithelia tissue

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17
Q

blood supply

A

epithelial is AVASCULAR and contains no blood supply

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18
Q

how does epithelial tissue gets its oxygen?

A

diffusion

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19
Q

name the three types of cell junctions

A

tight, gap, and desmosomes

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20
Q

what are tight junctions?

A

contains the contents in the intercellular gap by creating a barrier between cells with adhesion proteins

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21
Q

what are gap junctions

A

protein channels that attach to allow cell-to-cell communication

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22
Q

whast are desmosomes

A

a junction with adhesion proteins that anchor deep into the cell so that it can undergo lots of force. Is supported by intermediate filaments.

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23
Q

what are hemidesmosomes

A

junctions that attach cell to basement membrane through the basal surface

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24
Q

simple epithelium

A

single layer of cells

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25
Q

common simple epithelium properties

A

diffusion, filtration, secretion

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26
Q

stratified epithelium

A

multiple layers of cells

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27
Q

common stratified epithelium properties

A

protection, found were there is wear and tear

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28
Q

pseudostratified epithelium

A

appears to be layered but each cell touches the bottom basal layer

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29
Q

squamous epithelium properties and uses

A

flat, thin, for diffusion and protection

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30
Q

cuboidal epithelium properties and uses

A

blocks/cubes, secretion and absorption

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31
Q

columnar epithelium properties and uses

A

tall/rectangular, protect tissue, secretion, absorption

32
Q

transitional epithelium properties and uses

A

changes between squamous and cuboidal to accommodate stretching. Can be seen because they have bubbly tops

33
Q

what are the common tissues in glands

A

stratified cuboidal

34
Q

name the two types of clands

A

endocrine and exocrine

35
Q

exocrine galnds

A

always secrete to duct which goes to body surface or hallow cavity

36
Q

name some examples of exocrine glands

A

oil, sweat, salivary, mammary

37
Q

which glands do epithelial tissue lines the secreting area of

A

exocrine glands

38
Q

connective tissue is made up of

A

cells and extracellular matrix

39
Q

what is the extracellular matrix made of

A

protein fibers and ground substance

40
Q

cells in connective tissue are

A
  1. widely spaced

2. dependent on the type of tissue and where it is found

41
Q

cells that end with blast typically

A

are immature with the ability to divide and secrete to the extracellular matrix

42
Q

cells that end in cyte typically

A

are mature cells that carry specific function, and have limited capacity for cell division

43
Q

the ground substance of the extracellular matrix

A

can be either fluid, gelatinous, or calcified. They all support cell, bind to other cells, and can change properties of the cell

44
Q

the three types of fibers in the extracellular matrix

A

collagen, elastic, and reticular

45
Q

what is the function of the fibers in the extracellular matrix?

A

strenthen and support connective tissue

46
Q

Collagen fibers are

A

strong, resist pulling but are still flexible. They are made of the protein collagen

47
Q

Elastic fibers are

A

strong, branches, thin, flexible, and can returen to their original shape after stretching. They are made of the protein elastin

48
Q

Reticular fibers are

A

branches, interwoven to provide support, and are made of the protein collagen

49
Q

Name the five types of connective tissue

A

loose, dense, cartilage,osseous, and liquid

50
Q

most loose connective tissue

A

has many cells and their fibers are loosely intertwined

51
Q

name the three types of loose connective tissue

A

areolar, adipose, and reticular

52
Q

areolar loose connective tissue

A

is the deep basement membrane of the epithelial tissue

53
Q

adipose loose connective tissue is

A

deep to skin, store energy, filled with lipids, with few fibers

54
Q

reticular loose connective tissue is

A

has many cells and supports organ framework with reticular fibers

55
Q

most dense connective tissue

A

has less cells than loose ct, more fibers that can be regularly or irregularly arranged

56
Q

the three types of dense connective tissue are

A

regular, irregular, or elastic

57
Q

regular dense connective tissue

A

strongest tissue to planar direction of fibers, tendons, ligaments

58
Q

irregular dense connective tissue

A

capsules of organs and dermis of cell, found in the dermis

59
Q

elastic dense connective tissue

A

found in walls of blood vessels

60
Q

cartilage consist of these types of fibers for strength

A

elastic and collagen

61
Q

what is the ground substance of cartilage

A

chondroitin sulfate for resiliance

62
Q

cells in the cartilage are

A

condrocytes and condroblast

63
Q

the blood supply in carilage

A

there is none, which is not good for repair

64
Q

the nerve supply in cartilage

A

there is none, so no pain or feeling in those areas

65
Q

Name the three types of cartilage

A

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

66
Q

what is the function of hyaline carilage

A

reduce friction and provide stiff support

67
Q

where can you find hyaline cartilage

A

joints, ends of bones, end of nose, respiratory system, voicebox.

68
Q

define fibrocartilage

A

strongest type, dense, many collagen fivers

69
Q

give some examples of fibrocartilage

A

intravertretal discs, menisci (knee)

70
Q

define elastic cartilage

A

highly flexible and resilient cartilage that has the ability to return to its original state

71
Q

give an example of elastic cartilage

A

the external ear

72
Q

osseous connective tissue is

A

bone

73
Q

what type of cells make up osseous connective tissue

A

osteocytes

74
Q

what are the two types of osseous connective tissue

A

compact and spongy

75
Q

what are compact osseous connective tissue

A

extracellular matrix arranged in concentric rings

HSS305 Anatomy (20 decks)

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