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HSS305 Anatomy > Chapter 2: Cellular Level of Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Cellular Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

proteins, lipids, and carbs come together to form what

A

cells

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2
Q

name the four types of tissues

A

muscle, nervous, connective, and epithelial

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3
Q

define the cell

A

basic structural element that can live on its own

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4
Q

how many types of cells are in the human body

A

230

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5
Q

what is the plasma membrane made of

A

phospholipid bilayer

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6
Q

properties of phosphorus head

A

hydrophilic/polar

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7
Q

properties of fatty acid tails

A

nonpolar/hydrophobic

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8
Q

what are membrane proteins

A

proteins that allow exchange from inside and outside

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9
Q

proteins that are not around the entire width of the membrane are

A

peripheral proteins

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10
Q

define integral proteins

A

proteins that span width of membrane and are partially inside and out of the membrane

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11
Q

define glycoproteins

A

carbohydrate chains that stick out of the membrane and are never inside of the cell

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12
Q

what do membrane proteins do

A

allow communication between calls, identify what kind of cell it is

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13
Q

what is the nucleus

A

the core of the cell

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14
Q

what does the nucleus do

A

store and process genetic info and control protein synthesis

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15
Q

what is the nuclear envelope

A

a phospholipid bilayer with not proteins outside of the nucleas with specific channels

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16
Q

what is chromatin

A

unwound DNA

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17
Q

what is a gene

A

a section of DNA that makes something specific. These genes can be inactive or active

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18
Q

How can all cells have DNA but have different cell functions

A

depending on which genes are inactive or active in the cell

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19
Q

what is the nucleolus

A

located in the core of the nucleus, the nucleolus is the site for rRna synthesis and production of ribosomal subunits.

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20
Q

define cytoplasm

A

everything inside cell but outside nucleus

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21
Q

what are the two components of the cytoplasm

A

cytosol and organelles

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22
Q

what is the cytosol

A

the fluid portion of the cell containing mostly water

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23
Q

what is an organelle?

A

a structure that carries our specific functions within the cell

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24
Q

what causes variation in the amount of organelles in a cell?

A

the type of cell it is

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25
Q

where are ribosomes

A

free in the cytosol or attached to the ER

26
Q

what is the function of ribosomes

A

responsible for making proteins

27
Q

what is the endoplasmic reticulum

A

the network of flattened tubules

28
Q

name two types of ER

A

rough and smooth, rough contains ribosomes to modify proteins, smooth synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates

29
Q

what is the function of the golgi apparatus

A

to modify, sort and package proteins, carbs, and lipids for transport to other parts of the cell

30
Q

what are vesicles

A

packages

31
Q

name the three types of vesicles

A

transfer, secretory and membrane

32
Q

what do transfer vesicles do

A

transport packages to other parts of the cell

33
Q

what do secretory vesicles do

A

move secretions outside of the cell

34
Q

what do membrane vesicles do

A

send to be part of plasma membrane

35
Q

what does the mitochondria do

A

produce ATP and aid cellular respiration

36
Q

cells with lots of energy have lots of what

A

mitochondria

37
Q

what are lysosomes

A

organelles that contain digestive enzymes for breaking down material

38
Q

autophagy

A

self eating, lysosomes recycling and regaining energy by breaking

39
Q

autolysis

A

self-destroy, lysosomes release enzymes to kill cell from inside out

40
Q

what is a centrosome

A

contains centrioles and microtubules that move organelles and vesicles throughout cell, (railroad tracks to particular locations)

41
Q

what types of movement occur in the centrosome via motor proteins

A

dynein move things to the center while kinesin moves things to the periphera

42
Q

what is a cytoskeleton

A

a network of protein filaments

43
Q

what are the three types of protein filaments in the cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments

44
Q

what is microfilaments made of

A

protein actin

45
Q

where are microfilaments found

A

the periphery of the cell

46
Q

what do microfilaments do

A

provide mechanical support

47
Q

what is microtubules made of

A

protein tubuilin

48
Q

what do microtubules do

A

aid in movement of organelles within cell

49
Q

where are intermediate filaments found

A

throughout the cytosol

50
Q

what is the function of intermediate filaments

A

stabilize organelle position, anchor cells together, resist extracellular forces

51
Q

what is a cellular projection

A

something that sticks out from surface

52
Q

what is microvilli

A

a nonmatile, fingerlink projection from the cell surface that contains microfilaments in the core so they stick upright

53
Q

what do microvilli do

A

increase surface are for absorption

54
Q

what are cilia

A

motile projections on the surface that are longer than microvilli and contain microtubules for support

55
Q

what does cilia do

A

move substances across cell surface

56
Q

what is a flagella

A

a motile projection from cell surface with microtubules

57
Q

what does flagella do

A

moves the entire sell

58
Q

what is the only cell with a flagell

A

sperm cells

59
Q

what is a receptor proteins

A

proteins that trigger vesicle formation when bound to ligand

60
Q

ligands attach to what

A

receptor proteins

61
Q

what are carrier proteins

A

proteins that help transportation across membrane in facilitated diffusion and active transport

HSS305 Anatomy (20 decks)

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