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HSS305 Anatomy > Chapter 13: The Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 13: The Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functional categories of the nervous system

A

sensory, motor, and integrative

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2
Q

stimuli changes in internal and external environment is detected by __________ receptors

A

sensory receptors

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3
Q

this analyzes sensory information to decide actions

A

integrative function, makes decisions for appropriate responses

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4
Q

the actual response to stimuli is the ____ function of the nervous system

A

motor function

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5
Q

This is the major integrative center of the nervous system

A

CNS (Central)

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6
Q

when the cell bodies of the nervous cells lie outside the CNS, it is then

A

part of the PNS (Peripheral)

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7
Q

This is the major center for sensory and motor information in the nervous system

A

PNS

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8
Q

What are the two types of nervous cells

A

glial and neurons

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9
Q

the initiation of electric impulses is an

A

action potential

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10
Q

Name four parts of the neuron

A

cell body, dendrites, axons, synapse

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11
Q

this contains the nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, and microtubules in a neuron

A

cell body/soma

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12
Q

Nervous tissue called nuclei are clusters of cell bodies in the

A

CNS

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13
Q

nervous tissue called ganglia are clusters of cell bodies in the

A

PNS

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14
Q

what do dendrites look like

A

short, highly branches that grow and retreat

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15
Q

what do dendrites do

A

receive impulses to send to cell body

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16
Q

what do axons do

A

carry impulses away from body to nerves or muscles

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17
Q

this is the area of axon adjacent to the cell body where the action potential occurs

A

axon hillock

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18
Q

what is the snapse

A

junction between neuron and other cells

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19
Q

this is the bulb shaped end of the axon

A

presynaptic terminal

20
Q

this is the cell/plasma membrane receiving impulses

A

postsynaptic cell/membrane

21
Q

this is the space between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic terminal

A

synaptic cleft

22
Q

what is found in the presynaptic terminal

A

vesicle with neurotransmitters

23
Q

what are neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers, ligands to receptors

24
Q

explain the process for spreading neural impulses

A

changes in ion concentration open up changing charges, sending electrical impulses down the axon to release neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft to diffuse and initiate signals to open postsynaptic membrane

25
Q

this surrounds axon of neurons to speed up conduction of nerve impulses

A

myelin sheaths

26
Q

what forms myelin sheath in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

27
Q

what forms myelin sheaths in the PNS

A

shwann cells

28
Q

what are nodes of ranvier

A

gaps in myelin sheaths that contain ion channels

29
Q

what type of action potential traveling occurs on myelinated axons?

A

saltatory conduction

30
Q

what type of action potentional traveling occurs on unmyelinated axons

A

continuous conduction

31
Q

afferent neurons is another term for

A

sensory neurons

32
Q

efferent neurons is another term for

A

motor neurons

33
Q

these types of neurons are activated by electrical, chemical or mechanical stimuli

A

afferent/sensory

34
Q

neuromuscular junctions or glands are part of the _____ neurons

A

efferent/motor

35
Q

what creates the white color on axons

A

myelination

36
Q

what do glial cells do

A

support, nourish, protect neurons

37
Q

these maintain appropriate chemical environments for neurons

A

astrocytes and satellite cells

38
Q

these are phagocytize microbes and damage the nervous tissue (clean cellular debris)

A

microglia

39
Q

this is damage to myelin sheath in the CNS

A

Multiple Sclerosis

40
Q

Multiple Sclerosis can have these types of symptoms

A

motor, sensory, or cognitize

41
Q

the theories as of multiple sclerosis causes

A

autoimmune vs immune, genetic, etc

42
Q

what is the chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease in which antibodies blocka dn destroy receptrs on the sarcolemma

A

myasthenia gravis

43
Q

what occurs to skeletal muscles when one has myasthenia gravis

A

prevent contraction in muscles

44
Q

what are some treatments for myasthenia gravis

A

medication or plasmaphoresis

45
Q

what is the disease where ion channels are blocked, causing paralysis and eventually death within 3-20 hours

A

tetrodotoxin poisoning (TTX)

HSS305 Anatomy (20 decks)

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