Chapter 13: The Nervous Tissue Flashcards
What are the three functional categories of the nervous system
sensory, motor, and integrative
stimuli changes in internal and external environment is detected by __________ receptors
sensory receptors
this analyzes sensory information to decide actions
integrative function, makes decisions for appropriate responses
the actual response to stimuli is the ____ function of the nervous system
motor function
This is the major integrative center of the nervous system
CNS (Central)
when the cell bodies of the nervous cells lie outside the CNS, it is then
part of the PNS (Peripheral)
This is the major center for sensory and motor information in the nervous system
PNS
What are the two types of nervous cells
glial and neurons
the initiation of electric impulses is an
action potential
Name four parts of the neuron
cell body, dendrites, axons, synapse
this contains the nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, and microtubules in a neuron
cell body/soma
Nervous tissue called nuclei are clusters of cell bodies in the
CNS
nervous tissue called ganglia are clusters of cell bodies in the
PNS
what do dendrites look like
short, highly branches that grow and retreat
what do dendrites do
receive impulses to send to cell body
what do axons do
carry impulses away from body to nerves or muscles
this is the area of axon adjacent to the cell body where the action potential occurs
axon hillock
what is the snapse
junction between neuron and other cells
this is the bulb shaped end of the axon
presynaptic terminal
this is the cell/plasma membrane receiving impulses
postsynaptic cell/membrane
this is the space between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic terminal
synaptic cleft
what is found in the presynaptic terminal
vesicle with neurotransmitters
what are neurotransmitters
chemical messengers, ligands to receptors
explain the process for spreading neural impulses
changes in ion concentration open up changing charges, sending electrical impulses down the axon to release neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft to diffuse and initiate signals to open postsynaptic membrane
this surrounds axon of neurons to speed up conduction of nerve impulses
myelin sheaths
what forms myelin sheath in the CNS
oligodendrocytes
what forms myelin sheaths in the PNS
shwann cells
what are nodes of ranvier
gaps in myelin sheaths that contain ion channels
what type of action potential traveling occurs on myelinated axons?
saltatory conduction
what type of action potentional traveling occurs on unmyelinated axons
continuous conduction
afferent neurons is another term for
sensory neurons
efferent neurons is another term for
motor neurons
these types of neurons are activated by electrical, chemical or mechanical stimuli
afferent/sensory
neuromuscular junctions or glands are part of the _____ neurons
efferent/motor
what creates the white color on axons
myelination
what do glial cells do
support, nourish, protect neurons
these maintain appropriate chemical environments for neurons
astrocytes and satellite cells
these are phagocytize microbes and damage the nervous tissue (clean cellular debris)
microglia
this is damage to myelin sheath in the CNS
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis can have these types of symptoms
motor, sensory, or cognitize
the theories as of multiple sclerosis causes
autoimmune vs immune, genetic, etc
what is the chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease in which antibodies blocka dn destroy receptrs on the sarcolemma
myasthenia gravis
what occurs to skeletal muscles when one has myasthenia gravis
prevent contraction in muscles
what are some treatments for myasthenia gravis
medication or plasmaphoresis
what is the disease where ion channels are blocked, causing paralysis and eventually death within 3-20 hours
tetrodotoxin poisoning (TTX)
