Chapter 5 Cells

Question 1

subatomic particles that make an atom

Answer 1

protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 2

Atoms

Answer 2

Consist of subatomic particles that all substance are composed of

Question 3

HONC

Answer 3

The atoms that make 95% of the human body
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
-Nitrogen
-Carbon

Question 4

Molecules

Answer 4

A group of two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond and arranged in particular patterns to chemical componds

Question 5

Organelles

Answer 5

a structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body

Question 6

Cell

Answer 6

Basic functional units of all living matter; Differ in size, shape, structure, and function

Question 7

Tissues

Answer 7

a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit

Question 8

Organs

Answer 8

a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular function

Question 9

Organ system

Answer 9

Several organs working together to perform a bodily function

Question 10

Protoplasm

Answer 10

the colorless material comprising the living part of a cell that food elements are found; including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and orgaelles

Question 11

Principle parts of a cell

Answer 11

Cytoplasm, Nucleus, and the cell membrane/plasma membrane

Question 12

Cytoplasm

Answer 12

contains cytosol and cytoplasmic organelles; the innards of the cell wall other then the nucleus

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

Question 14

cell membrane/plasma membrane

Answer 14

a thin, barrier that surrounds every living cell, regulating the passage of molecules in and out of the cell

Question 15

Cytosol

Answer 15

the fluid component of the cytoplasm, essentially the jelly-like liquid within a cell; 75-90% water

Question 16

Cytoplasmic Organelles

Answer 16

small structures that float in the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 17

Differentation

Answer 17

the repeated division of the ovum during early development stages, resulting in specialized cells that differ from one another

Question 18

Mitosis

Answer 18

The process of cell division in which a cell divides into two cells identical to the parent cell

Question 19

5 stages of mitosis

Answer 19

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

Question 20

Interphase

Answer 20

Time cell is maturing, metabolizing, and functioning according to design

Question 21

Prophase

Answer 21

When the DNA becomes larger and more defined; The chromatids begin to migrate to opposite sides of the cell

Question 22

Metaphase

Answer 22

The chromosomes arrange themselves around the equatorial plane and are held in place by the microtubules

Question 23

Anaphase

Answer 23

duplicated chromatids are separated and pulled tword the polls of the cell

Question 24

Telophase

Answer 24

The chromosomes begin to uncoil; new nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomses

Question 25

Meiosis

Answer 25

cell division that takes place in the sex organs to produce the egg and sperm required for fertilizaton

Question 26

4 activities of cells

Answer 26

Vegetative, Growth, Reproduction, and Specialization

Question 27

Vegetative

Answer 27

maintence of the cells such as absorption, assimilation, and excretion of waste products

Question 28

Growth

Answer 28

Building essential proteins for growth, repair, and adapting

Question 29

Reproduction

Answer 29

process of meiosis or indirect divison of cells

Question 30

Specialization

Answer 30

differenct cells perform different functions; contractibility, secrete and absorb, and nerve impulses

Question 31

Metabolism

Answer 31

the process taking place in living organisms whereby the cells are norished and carry out their activities

Question 32

Phases of metabolism

Answer 32

Anabolism and Catabolism

Question 33

Anabolism

Answer 33

The process of building larger molecules from smaller ones; uses up stored energy from catabolism

Question 34

Catabolism

Answer 34

Breaking down larger complex molecules into smaller ones; while harvesting their energy and storing it

Question 35

Cell membrane

Answer 35

Transports materials between the outside and inside of the cell, helps control cell activity, and contains cellular material

Question 36

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 36

There are two varieties: a smooth type that produces lipid and rough type both transport materials within the cells

Question 37

Golgi apparatus

Answer 37

Collects the products of cell synthesis, synthesises carbohydrates, holds proteins molucles for secretion

Question 38

Lysosome

Answer 38

Digests proteins, carbohydrates, and other foreign substances that enter the cell

Question 39

MItochondria

Answer 39

Contains enzymes for releasing energy by breaking down glucose and generating most of the cell's energy

Question 40

Nucleolus

Answer 40

Forms ribosomes

Question 41

Nucleus

Answer 41

Stores the genetic code for each cell and the body as a whole

Question 42

Ribosome

Answer 42

Sythesizes protine

Question 43

Vacuole

Answer 43

Involved in rapid ejection of fluids or introduction of substances

Question 44

Chromosomes

Answer 44

thread-like structures located within the nucleus of a cell, composed of DNA tightly coiled around proteins