Ch 5 Nervous system 1 Flashcards

233-240

1
Q

Makeup and function of nervous system

A

Composed of the brain , spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Primary function to collect sensory information the internal and external enviornment

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2
Q

Neurons

A

Is the structural unit of the nervous system

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3
Q

Nerve cell

A

Is the same as a neuron

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4
Q

Nerve fibers

A

Are projections from the body of the nerve cell that carries nervous impulses

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5
Q

Dendrities

A

Connect with other neurons to receive information

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6
Q

Axon

A

Conducts impulses away from the cell body

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7
Q

Axon terminals

A

Distal ends of the axon

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8
Q

Synaptic bulb

A

Small sack at the end of the axon terminals that contain vesicles that store and release nerotransmitters

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9
Q

Nerotransmitters

A

Chemical that conducts a nerve signal across a synapse

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10
Q

Synapse

A

The junction where nerve signals jump from one nerve to another

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11
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Carries impulses from the sense organs to the brain

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12
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carries nerve impulses from the brain to the muscle/gland it controls

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13
Q

Interneurons

A

Carries impulses from one neuron to another

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14
Q

Nerves

A

Bundles of fibers held together by connective tissue that originate in the brain and spinal cord and distribute branches all over the body

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15
Q

Afferent nerve

A

Carry the impulses tword the spinal cord and brain

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16
Q

Efferent nerve

A

Carry impulses from the brain/spinal cord to the muscle/glands

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17
Q

Neurogila

A

hard nonneuronal cells in the brain and parochial nervous system that provide support and protection for the neurons

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18
Q

Neurogila: Astrocytes

A

Star shaped cells found in the CNS that structurally support the neurons

19
Q

Neurogila: Oligodendrocytes

A

Found in the CNS, produce myelin that surrounds the axons in the brain and spinal cord

20
Q

Neurogila: Schwann cells

A

Forms the Myelin that protects the axons of the PNS

21
Q

Neurogila: MIcroglia

A

Small cells that function as phagocytes that remove cellular debris and dammaged nerve tissue from the CNS

22
Q

Neurogila: Ependymal cells

A

Form epithelial-like membrane that lines certain structures of the brain and produces cerebral spinal fluid

23
Q

Neurogila: Satellite cells

A

Forms structure called Ganglia in the PNS by surrounding dendrites and cell bodies to provide structural support and a medium of exchange between the nerve cells

24
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

a network of nerves branching from the spinal cord, acts as the body’s communication pathway, relaying signals to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and carrying instructions back to muscles and organs.

25
Central nervous system (CNS)
consists of the brain and spinal cord; responsible for processing information and initiating responses
26
Meninges
Fibrous connective tissue covering the CNS, consists of the Dura mater, Pia mater, Arachnoid mater
27
Dura mater
Outer most layer of the meninges
28
Pia mater
Inner most layer of the meninges
29
Arachnoid mater
Middle space of the meninges
30
Parts of the brain: Cerebrum
Larget portion of the brain, split into two sides; Responsable for speech, sensation, communication, memory, reasoning, will, and emotions.
31
Parts of the brain: Cerebellum
Smallest part of the brain; helps to maintain body balence, coordnates Volentary muscles, makes muscular movement smooth
32
Parts of the brain: Diencephalon
Main function- primary relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control INCLUDE: hypothalamus: governs the pituitary gland; regulative effect on autonomic system and the endocrine glands thalamus: relay center for the brain pineal: regulate the body's circadian rhythm pituitary glands: Secrete hormones to control other endocrine glands
33
Parts of the brain: Brain stem
Function: Relay and transmit impulses from one portion of the brain to another INCLUDE- Midbrain:Main nerve pathways connecting the cerebrum and the lower nervous system as well as certain visual and auditory reflexes Pons: Relay nerve impulses between the cerebrum and medulla and from the cerebrum to the cerebellum Medulla oblongata: Regulate movement of the heart and control vascoconstriction of arteries and the rate and depth of respiration
34
Autonomic nervous system
Part of the peripheral nervous system regulating the action of glands, smooth muscles and the heart
35
Somatic nervous system
Part of the peripheral nervous system consistes of nerves that connect to the CNS to the voluntary muscles and skin
36
Cranial nerves
12 pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain through openings in the base of the cranium
37
Number of pairs cranial nerves
12 pairs
38
Number of pairs spinal nerves
31 pairs
39
Cervical plexus
Consists of the four upper cervical nerves that supply the skin and control the movement of the head, neck, and sholder
40
Brachial plexus
Composed of four lower cervical nerves and the first pair of thoracic nerves that control arm movement
41
Lumbar plexus
Formed from the first four lumbar nerves
42
Sacral plexus
Formed from the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves and the first four sacral nerves
43
Sciatic nerve
Longest nerve in the body
44
Coccygenal plexus
Formed from portion of the fourth sacral nerves, the fifth sacral nerves, and the coccygeal nerve