Ch 5 Nervous system 1 Flashcards
233-240
Makeup and function of nervous system
Composed of the brain , spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
Primary function to collect sensory information the internal and external enviornment
Neurons
Is the structural unit of the nervous system
Nerve cell
Is the same as a neuron
Nerve fibers
Are projections from the body of the nerve cell that carries nervous impulses
Dendrities
Connect with other neurons to receive information
Axon
Conducts impulses away from the cell body
Axon terminals
Distal ends of the axon
Synaptic bulb
Small sack at the end of the axon terminals that contain vesicles that store and release nerotransmitters
Nerotransmitters
Chemical that conducts a nerve signal across a synapse
Synapse
The junction where nerve signals jump from one nerve to another
Sensory neuron
Carries impulses from the sense organs to the brain
Motor neurons
Carries nerve impulses from the brain to the muscle/gland it controls
Interneurons
Carries impulses from one neuron to another
Nerves
Bundles of fibers held together by connective tissue that originate in the brain and spinal cord and distribute branches all over the body
Afferent nerve
Carry the impulses tword the spinal cord and brain
Efferent nerve
Carry impulses from the brain/spinal cord to the muscle/glands
Neurogila
hard nonneuronal cells in the brain and parochial nervous system that provide support and protection for the neurons
Neurogila: Astrocytes
Star shaped cells found in the CNS that structurally support the neurons
Neurogila: Oligodendrocytes
Found in the CNS, produce myelin that surrounds the axons in the brain and spinal cord
Neurogila: Schwann cells
Forms the Myelin that protects the axons of the PNS
Neurogila: MIcroglia
Small cells that function as phagocytes that remove cellular debris and dammaged nerve tissue from the CNS
Neurogila: Ependymal cells
Form epithelial-like membrane that lines certain structures of the brain and produces cerebral spinal fluid
Neurogila: Satellite cells
Forms structure called Ganglia in the PNS by surrounding dendrites and cell bodies to provide structural support and a medium of exchange between the nerve cells
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
a network of nerves branching from the spinal cord, acts as the body’s communication pathway, relaying signals to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and carrying instructions back to muscles and organs.