Ch 5 Nervous system 1

Question 1

Makeup and function of nervous system

Answer 1

Composed of the brain , spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Primary function to collect sensory information the internal and external enviornment

Question 2

Neurons

Answer 2

Is the structural unit of the nervous system

Question 3

Nerve cell

Answer 3

Is the same as a neuron

Question 4

Nerve fibers

Answer 4

Are projections from the body of the nerve cell that carries nervous impulses

Question 5

Dendrities

Answer 5

Connect with other neurons to receive information

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

Conducts impulses away from the cell body

Question 7

Axon terminals

Answer 7

Distal ends of the axon

Question 8

Synaptic bulb

Answer 8

Small sack at the end of the axon terminals that contain vesicles that store and release nerotransmitters

Question 9

Nerotransmitters

Answer 9

Chemical that conducts a nerve signal across a synapse

Question 10

Synapse

Answer 10

The junction where nerve signals jump from one nerve to another

Question 11

Sensory neuron

Answer 11

Carries impulses from the sense organs to the brain

Question 12

Motor neurons

Answer 12

Carries nerve impulses from the brain to the muscle/gland it controls

Question 13

Interneurons

Answer 13

Carries impulses from one neuron to another

Question 14

Nerves

Answer 14

Bundles of fibers held together by connective tissue that originate in the brain and spinal cord and distribute branches all over the body

Question 15

Afferent nerve

Answer 15

Carry the impulses tword the spinal cord and brain

Question 16

Efferent nerve

Answer 16

Carry impulses from the brain/spinal cord to the muscle/glands

Question 17

Neurogila

Answer 17

hard nonneuronal cells in the brain and parochial nervous system that provide support and protection for the neurons

Question 18

Neurogila: Astrocytes

Answer 18

Star shaped cells found in the CNS that structurally support the neurons

Question 19

Neurogila: Oligodendrocytes

Answer 19

Found in the CNS, produce myelin that surrounds the axons in the brain and spinal cord

Question 20

Neurogila: Schwann cells

Answer 20

Forms the Myelin that protects the axons of the PNS

Question 21

Neurogila: MIcroglia

Answer 21

Small cells that function as phagocytes that remove cellular debris and dammaged nerve tissue from the CNS

Question 22

Neurogila: Ependymal cells

Answer 22

Form epithelial-like membrane that lines certain structures of the brain and produces cerebral spinal fluid

Question 23

Neurogila: Satellite cells

Answer 23

Forms structure called Ganglia in the PNS by surrounding dendrites and cell bodies to provide structural support and a medium of exchange between the nerve cells

Question 24

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 24

a network of nerves branching from the spinal cord, acts as the body’s communication pathway, relaying signals to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and carrying instructions back to muscles and organs.

Question 25

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 25

consists of the brain and spinal cord; responsible for processing information and initiating responses

Question 26

Meninges

Answer 26

Fibrous connective tissue covering the CNS, consists of the Dura mater, Pia mater, Arachnoid mater

Question 27

Dura mater

Answer 27

Outer most layer of the meninges

Question 28

Pia mater

Answer 28

Inner most layer of the meninges

Question 29

Arachnoid mater

Answer 29

Middle space of the meninges

Question 30

Parts of the brain: Cerebrum

Answer 30

Larget portion of the brain, split into two sides; Responsable for speech, sensation, communication, memory, reasoning, will, and emotions.

Question 31

Parts of the brain: Cerebellum

Answer 31

Smallest part of the brain; helps to maintain body balence, coordnates Volentary muscles, makes muscular movement smooth

Question 32

Parts of the brain: Diencephalon

Answer 32

Main function- primary relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control

INCLUDE:
hypothalamus: governs the pituitary gland; regulative effect on autonomic system and the endocrine glands

thalamus: relay center for the brain

pineal: regulate the body’s circadian rhythm

pituitary glands: Secrete hormones to control other endocrine glands

Question 33

Parts of the brain: Brain stem

Answer 33

Function: Relay and transmit impulses from one portion of the brain to another

INCLUDE-
Midbrain:Main nerve pathways connecting the cerebrum and the lower nervous system as well as certain visual and auditory reflexes

Pons: Relay nerve impulses between the cerebrum and medulla and from the cerebrum to the cerebellum

Medulla oblongata: Regulate movement of the heart and control vascoconstriction of arteries and the rate and depth of respiration

Question 34

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 34

Part of the peripheral nervous system regulating the action of glands, smooth muscles and the heart

Question 35

Somatic nervous system

Answer 35

Part of the peripheral nervous system consistes of nerves that connect to the CNS to the voluntary muscles and skin

Question 36

Cranial nerves

Answer 36

12 pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain through openings in the base of the cranium

Question 37

Number of pairs cranial nerves

Answer 37

12 pairs

Question 38

Number of pairs spinal nerves

Answer 38

31 pairs

Question 39

Cervical plexus

Answer 39

Consists of the four upper cervical nerves that supply the skin and control the movement of the head, neck, and sholder

Question 40

Brachial plexus

Answer 40

Composed of four lower cervical nerves and the first pair of thoracic nerves that control arm movement

Question 41

Lumbar plexus

Answer 41

Formed from the first four lumbar nerves

Question 42

Sacral plexus

Answer 42

Formed from the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves and the first four sacral nerves

Question 43

Sciatic nerve

Answer 43

Longest nerve in the body

Question 44

Coccygenal plexus

Answer 44

Formed from portion of the fourth sacral nerves, the fifth sacral nerves, and the coccygeal nerve