Ch 5 Cardiovascular Flashcards
cardiovascular system
A network of structures including the heart, arteries, capillaries veins, and blood that is pumped and carried throughout the body
Pericardium
The whole double layered membrane structure that encloses the heart
Epicardium
Layer that protects the heart; found after the pericardial cavity
Myocardium
The cardiac muscle that is Responsable for the pumping action of the heart
Pericardium cavity
contains serous fluid to allow the heart movement while also being protected; found between the pericardium layers
Endocardium
The inner most layer of the heart; lines the inner chambers of the heart
Septum
The wall that separates the hearts 4 chambers
Tricuspid valve
Allows blood to flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Directs blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries
Bicuspid/Mitral valve
Allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventrical
Aortic semilunar valve
Permits blood to flow from the left ventrical into the aorta
Arteries
Thick muscular and elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart
Arterioles
Small blood vessels branching off arteries controlling the blood flow to the capillaries
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles (which carry blood away from the heart) and venules (which carry blood back to the heart
Venules
Microscopic vessels that continue from the capillaries and merge to form veins
Veins
Thin blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from capillaries back to the heart
Aorta
Main artery of the body
Vasoconstriction
The contraction of the arterial walls
Vasodilation
The relaxation and enlargement of the arterial walls
Venous pump
Prevents blood from flowing backwards within the veins
Diffusion
Process which substance move from an area of higher concentration to and area of lower concentration
filtration
Process which blood pressure pushes fluid and substance through the capillary wall and into the tissue spaces
Pulmonary circulation
Blood circulation from the heart to the lungs and back again to the heart
Systemic circulation
Blood circulation from the left side of the heart throughout the body back again to the heart
Atherosclerosis
Elevated amount of cholesterol causing plaque interferfering with blood flow and creating blood clots
Phlebitis
Inflamation of a vein
Thrombophlebitis
The presence of a blood clot in an inflamed vein
Aneurysm
Ballooning of the artery from weakening walls
Cerebrovascular accident
stroke; caused by disturbance in the cerebral circulation
Myocardial infraction
Heart attack; Reduced blood flow in the coronary arteries that supply the heart
Vericose veins
Protruding, bulbus veins; caused by prolonged standing or blockage. Veins begin to enlarge and stretch to the point they become incompetent
Hematoma
bruse; bleeding under the epidermis and sometimes deep within the tissue of the body
Edema
Excess fluid in the interstitial spaces of the body
Erythrocytes/ Red blood cells/ Red corpuscles
Carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transports carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs
Hemoglobin
Iron protines compound inside the red blood cells
Leukocytes/ White blood cells/ White corpuscles
Protect the body by fighting off infections and toxins that invade the body
Phagocytosis
Process Leukocytes engulf and digest harmful bacteria
Immune system
Helps protect the body and keep it safe from pathogens and diseases
Thrombocytes/ Blood platelets
play an important role in clotting blood
Hemophilia
disease causing slow clotting of the blood
Anemia
Rapid loss of or inadequate production of red blood cells
Leukemia
Form of cancer that results in uncontrolled production of white blood cells
