Chapter 4 anatomy and physiology

Question 1

Stem/Root word

Answer 1

foundation of the word; Indicates the body part or structure involved

Question 2

Prefix

Answer 2

comes before the root; One or more syllables added in front of the stem to further the meaning

Question 3

Suffix

Answer 3

added to the end of the word; indication of diagnosis, symptom, or surgical procedure

Question 4

Combinding form

Answer 4

stem word combined with a single letter syllable

Question 5

compound word

Answer 5

a root word plus a vowel that is used with another root

Question 6

Suffix: -Tomy

Answer 6

Surgical procedure

Question 7

anatomy

Answer 7

The study of the body’s structure, including bones, muscles, joints, nerves, and blood vessels

Question 8

Suffixes: -Ology

Answer 8

Study of

Question 9

physiology

Answer 9

The study of vital processes, mechanisms, and functions of the cells, an organ/system of organs, or the entire organism

Question 10

Kinesiology

Answer 10

Study of muscular activity and the anatomy, physiology, and mechanisms of body movement

Question 11

Prefixes: Path-

Answer 11

Pertaining to disease

Question 12

Pathology

Answer 12

Study of the structural and functional changes caused by disease

Question 13

Direct effects

Answer 13

Tissues touched or manipulated; enhance local circulation, stretching of tissues, loosens adhesions and scar tissues

Question 14

Indirect effects

Answer 14

effects through the nervous system; Increase circulation to the muscles and organs, reduce blood pressure, relaxation

Question 15

Reflex effects

Answer 15

physiological changes occurring due to a direct stimulation of the nervous system; reduce heart rate, slower/deeper breathing

Question 16

Disease

Answer 16

An abnormal and unhealthy state of all or part of the body/system of organs making it unable to function normal

Question 17

Symptoms

Answer 17

Symptoms are something a client can feel and aren’t visible

Question 18

signs

Answer 18

Sign is something that can be observed by an outsider and client

Question 19

Stress

Answer 19

psychological or physical situation or condition that causes tension or strain

Question 20

Hormones are transmitted by

Answer 20

blood

Question 21

synaptic cleft

Answer 21

the gap between neurons where an electrical signal is converted into a chemical signal

Question 22

Neurotransmitters are transmitted by

Answer 22

across the synaptic cleft

Question 23

adrenal glands

Answer 23

situated on top of each kidney, produce epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 24

What does the adrenal glands secrete

Answer 24

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 25

adrenal hormones

Answer 25

adrenaline and cortisol

Question 26

pituitary gland

Answer 26

a small gland at the base of the brain that controls many of the body's functions

Question 27

hypothalamus

Answer 27

The area of the brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst

Question 28

atherosclerosis

Answer 28

clogged artieries

Question 29

Pain

Answer 29

stimulation to the nociceptors; warns of tissue damage or destruction somewhere in the body

Question 30

ischemia

Answer 30

an inadequate blood supply to a specific area of the body

Question 31

Bacteria

Answer 31

a one celled organism with both plant and animal characteristics; classified as either harmful or harmless

Question 32

viruses

Answer 32

a parasitic submiroscopic partial that infects and resides in cells

Question 33

Fungus

Answer 33

diverse group of single-cell organisms that have potential to cause disease

Question 34

Parasite

Answer 34

an organism that can cause disease and exists and functions at the expense of a host

Question 35

local infection

Answer 35

invading organism in a small area

Question 36

Systemic infection

Answer 36

spread throughout the body

Question 37

inflammation

Answer 37

protective tissues response characterized by swelling, redness, heat, and pain

Question 38

Fever

Answer 38

elevated body tempature

Question 39

Scar

Answer 39

a dense fibrous tissue that forms once injury is healed

Question 40

Fibroblasts

Answer 40

specialized cells found in connective tissues throughout the body

Question 41

Red blood cells

Answer 41

Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Question 42

White blood cells

Answer 42

Protect the body from infection and disease by fighting bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.

Question 43

Wellness

Answer 43

concept in which people take personal responsibility for their own physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual health.