Chapter 4 anatomy and physiology Flashcards
Stem/Root word
foundation of the word; Indicates the body part or structure involved
Prefix
comes before the root; One or more syllables added in front of the stem to further the meaning
Suffix
added to the end of the word; indication of diagnosis, symptom, or surgical procedure
Combinding form
stem word combined with a single letter syllable
compound word
a root word plus a vowel that is used with another root
Suffix: -Tomy
Surgical procedure
anatomy
The study of the body’s structure, including bones, muscles, joints, nerves, and blood vessels
Suffixes: -Ology
Study of
physiology
The study of vital processes, mechanisms, and functions of the cells, an organ/system of organs, or the entire organism
Kinesiology
Study of muscular activity and the anatomy, physiology, and mechanisms of body movement
Prefixes: Path-
Pertaining to disease
Pathology
Study of the structural and functional changes caused by disease
Direct effects
Tissues touched or manipulated; enhance local circulation, stretching of tissues, loosens adhesions and scar tissues
Indirect effects
effects through the nervous system; Increase circulation to the muscles and organs, reduce blood pressure, relaxation
Reflex effects
physiological changes occurring due to a direct stimulation of the nervous system; reduce heart rate, slower/deeper breathing
Disease
An abnormal and unhealthy state of all or part of the body/system of organs making it unable to function normal
Symptoms
Symptoms are something a client can feel and aren’t visible
signs
Sign is something that can be observed by an outsider and client
Stress
psychological or physical situation or condition that causes tension or strain
Hormones are transmitted by
blood
synaptic cleft
the gap between neurons where an electrical signal is converted into a chemical signal
Neurotransmitters are transmitted by
across the synaptic cleft
adrenal glands
situated on top of each kidney, produce epinephrine and norepinephrine
What does the adrenal glands secrete
epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenal hormones
adrenaline and cortisol
pituitary gland
a small gland at the base of the brain that controls many of the body’s functions
hypothalamus
The area of the brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst
atherosclerosis
clogged artieries
Pain
stimulation to the nociceptors; warns of tissue damage or destruction somewhere in the body
ischemia
an inadequate blood supply to a specific area of the body
Bacteria
a one celled organism with both plant and animal characteristics; classified as either harmful or harmless
viruses
a parasitic submiroscopic partial that infects and resides in cells
Fungus
diverse group of single-cell organisms that have potential to cause disease
Parasite
an organism that can cause disease and exists and functions at the expense of a host
local infection
invading organism in a small area
Systemic infection
spread throughout the body
inflammation
protective tissues response characterized by swelling, redness, heat, and pain
Fever
elevated body tempature
Scar
a dense fibrous tissue that forms once injury is healed
Fibroblasts
specialized cells found in connective tissues throughout the body
Red blood cells
Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
White blood cells
Protect the body from infection and disease by fighting bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.
Wellness
concept in which people take personal responsibility for their own physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual health.
