Chapter 5 bones Flashcards
Skeletal system
Bones, Cartilage, and Ligaments
Functions of skeletal system
Frame work, Protect, Movement, Manufacture blood cells, Store minerals
Organic makeup of bones
Bone cells, blood vessels, connective tissues, and marrow
Inorganic makeup of bones
Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
Long bone: Epiphysis
Enlarged area on the end of the bone
Long bone: Diaphysis
The shaft of the bone between the epiphysis
Long bone: Articular cartilage
Converse the end surface of the epiphysis; shock absorption
Long bone: Periosteum
Membrane that covers the bone to protect the bone and serve as an attachment for tendons and ligaments
Long bone: Compact bone tissue
Beneath the periosteum; forms the hard bone in the shaft of the long bones and along the outside
Long bone: Cancellous tissue
Inner portion of the bone; tiny plates that provide structure
Long bone: Medullary cavity
Hollow chamber filled with yellow marrow
Marrow
Connective tissue filling the cavities of bones; Red and Yellow marrow
Synovial joints
Freely moving joints with a joint cavity surrounded by Articular capsule
Bone nutrition
Blood vessels that make there way through the periosteum, Bone marrow also aids the nutrition
Axial skeleton
Cranial, facial bones, thorax, vertebral column, and hyoid bone
Appendicular skeleton
Shoulders, upper/lower Extremities, and hips
Bones in Cranium
8; Axial skeleton
Bones in Face
14; Axial skeleton
Bones in Ear
6; Axial skeleton
Bones in Hyoid bone
1; Axial skeleton
Bones in Vertebral column
26; Axial skeleton
Bones in Thoracic cage
25; Axial skeleton
Bones in the Upper extremities
64; Appendicular skeleton
Bones in the Lower extremities
66 ; Appendicular skeleton
Joints
The part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement
Synarthrotic joints
Essentially immovable
Amphiarthrotic joints
Limited motion
Diarthrotic joints
Freely movable
Synovial membrane
Connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints; secretes synovial fluid that lubricates the joints
Fibrous joints
No space and are held together by fibrous connective tissues
Cartilaginous joints
Joints held together by cartilage with no cavity
Synovial joints
Freely movable joints with a joint cavity surrounded by an Articular capsule
Function of Cartilage
Cushion, Prevents jarring, Gives shape
Fibrocartilage
Cartilage with high density of collegon fibers making it tough
Elastic cartallige
cartilage with high amount of elastin fibers making it flexable
Bursae
Fibrous sacks lined with synovial membrane lubricates with synovial fluid; cussion where pressure is exerted
Piviot joints
a joint that allows bones to rotate around a single axis
Hinge joints
a joint that allows bones to bend and straighten in one plane, like a door
Ball and socket joints
a joint in which a ball moves within a socket so as to allow rotary motion in every direction within certain limits
Gliding joints
a joint where two bones meet on flat surfaces and glide past each other
Saddle joints
a type of joint that connects two curved bones that fit together like a saddle
Condyloid joints
a joint where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow of another bone
Fracture
Break or rupture in the bone
Types of fractures
incomplete: not cracked through
Closed: cracked compleatly through
Open: cracked compleatly through and exposed through skin
Comminuted: Unclean brake resulting into a group of tiny brakes
Dislocation
When a bone is displaced within the joint due to injury to the joints ligaments or soft tissues
Herniated disk
Weakening of the intervertebral disc resulting in a protruding into the vertebral canal, potentially compressing the spinal cord
Sprain
Stretching or tearing of the ligaments that are not severe enough to cause a dislocation
Types of Sprains
Class 1: A stretch of the ligament
Class 2: Ligaments are partially tore
Class 3: Ligaments are completely tore
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic, systemic, autoimmune inflammation disease; Inflammation causes the Articular cartallige to erode and the joints to calcify
Osteoarthritis
Chronic disease that accompanies ageing to sights of the body with high amounts of wear and tear; The Articular cartilage erodes resulting in abnormal bone thickening
Gouty arthritis
High concentration of uric acid in the blood forming sharp needle like crystals out of the interstitial and synovial spaces
Bursitis
Inflammation of the Bursitis
osteoporosis
Increased porosity of the bones; bones begin to slowly demineralize
Spinal curvature
Scoliosis: lateral curve of the spine
Lordosis: Exaggerated lordotic or concave curve
Kyphosis: Exaggerated kyphotic or concave curve
