Chapter 5 bones

Question 1

Skeletal system

Answer 1

Bones, Cartilage, and Ligaments

Question 2

Functions of skeletal system

Answer 2

Frame work, Protect, Movement, Manufacture blood cells, Store minerals

Question 3

Organic makeup of bones

Answer 3

Bone cells, blood vessels, connective tissues, and marrow

Question 4

Inorganic makeup of bones

Answer 4

Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

Question 5

Long bone: Epiphysis

Answer 5

Enlarged area on the end of the bone

Question 6

Long bone: Diaphysis

Answer 6

The shaft of the bone between the epiphysis

Question 7

Long bone: Articular cartilage

Answer 7

Converse the end surface of the epiphysis; shock absorption

Question 8

Long bone: Periosteum

Answer 8

Membrane that covers the bone to protect the bone and serve as an attachment for tendons and ligaments

Question 9

Long bone: Compact bone tissue

Answer 9

Beneath the periosteum; forms the hard bone in the shaft of the long bones and along the outside

Question 10

Long bone: Cancellous tissue

Answer 10

Inner portion of the bone; tiny plates that provide structure

Question 11

Long bone: Medullary cavity

Answer 11

Hollow chamber filled with yellow marrow

Question 12

Marrow

Answer 12

Connective tissue filling the cavities of bones; Red and Yellow marrow

Question 13

Synovial joints

Answer 13

Freely moving joints with a joint cavity surrounded by Articular capsule

Question 14

Bone nutrition

Answer 14

Blood vessels that make there way through the periosteum, Bone marrow also aids the nutrition

Question 15

Axial skeleton

Answer 15

Cranial, facial bones, thorax, vertebral column, and hyoid bone

Question 16

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 16

Shoulders, upper/lower Extremities, and hips

Question 17

Bones in Cranium

Answer 17

8; Axial skeleton

Question 18

Bones in Face

Answer 18

14; Axial skeleton

Question 19

Bones in Ear

Answer 19

6; Axial skeleton

Question 20

Bones in Hyoid bone

Answer 20

1; Axial skeleton

Question 21

Bones in Vertebral column

Answer 21

26; Axial skeleton

Question 22

Bones in Thoracic cage

Answer 22

25; Axial skeleton

Question 23

Bones in the Upper extremities

Answer 23

64; Appendicular skeleton

Question 24

Bones in the Lower extremities

Answer 24

66 ; Appendicular skeleton

Question 25

Joints

Answer 25

The part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement

Question 26

Synarthrotic joints

Answer 26

Essentially immovable

Question 27

Amphiarthrotic joints

Answer 27

Limited motion

Question 28

Diarthrotic joints

Answer 28

Freely movable

Question 29

Synovial membrane

Answer 29

Connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints; secretes synovial fluid that lubricates the joints

Question 30

Fibrous joints

Answer 30

No space and are held together by fibrous connective tissues

Question 31

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 31

Joints held together by cartilage with no cavity

Question 32

Synovial joints

Answer 32

Freely movable joints with a joint cavity surrounded by an Articular capsule

Question 33

Function of Cartilage

Answer 33

Cushion, Prevents jarring, Gives shape

Question 34

Fibrocartilage

Answer 34

Cartilage with high density of collegon fibers making it tough

Question 35

Elastic cartallige

Answer 35

cartilage with high amount of elastin fibers making it flexable

Question 36

Bursae

Answer 36

Fibrous sacks lined with synovial membrane lubricates with synovial fluid; cussion where pressure is exerted

Question 37

Piviot joints

Answer 37

a joint that allows bones to rotate around a single axis

Question 38

Hinge joints

Answer 38

a joint that allows bones to bend and straighten in one plane, like a door

Question 39

Ball and socket joints

Answer 39

a joint in which a ball moves within a socket so as to allow rotary motion in every direction within certain limits

Question 40

Gliding joints

Answer 40

a joint where two bones meet on flat surfaces and glide past each other

Question 41

Saddle joints

Answer 41

a type of joint that connects two curved bones that fit together like a saddle

Question 42

Condyloid joints

Answer 42

a joint where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow of another bone

Question 43

Fracture

Answer 43

Break or rupture in the bone

Question 44

Types of fractures

Answer 44

incomplete: not cracked through Closed: cracked compleatly through Open: cracked compleatly through and exposed through skin Comminuted: Unclean brake resulting into a group of tiny brakes

Question 45

Dislocation

Answer 45

When a bone is displaced within the joint due to injury to the joints ligaments or soft tissues

Question 46

Herniated disk

Answer 46

Weakening of the intervertebral disc resulting in a protruding into the vertebral canal, potentially compressing the spinal cord

Question 47

Sprain

Answer 47

Stretching or tearing of the ligaments that are not severe enough to cause a dislocation

Question 48

Types of Sprains

Answer 48

Class 1: A stretch of the ligament Class 2: Ligaments are partially tore Class 3: Ligaments are completely tore

Question 49

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 49

Chronic, systemic, autoimmune inflammation disease; Inflammation causes the Articular cartallige to erode and the joints to calcify

Question 50

Osteoarthritis

Answer 50

Chronic disease that accompanies ageing to sights of the body with high amounts of wear and tear; The Articular cartilage erodes resulting in abnormal bone thickening

Question 51

Gouty arthritis

Answer 51

High concentration of uric acid in the blood forming sharp needle like crystals out of the interstitial and synovial spaces

Question 52

Bursitis

Answer 52

Inflammation of the Bursitis

Question 53

osteoporosis

Answer 53

Increased porosity of the bones; bones begin to slowly demineralize

Question 54

Spinal curvature

Answer 54

Scoliosis: lateral curve of the spine Lordosis: Exaggerated lordotic or concave curve Kyphosis: Exaggerated kyphotic or concave curve