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Theory & Practice > Ch 5 Muscular system > Flashcards

Ch 5 Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Muscular system

A

Responsible for locomotion and all motor functions

EX: Breathing, Moving fluids such as urine/blood, Transporting food through the digestive system, and provide stability, movement, heat regulation.

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2
Q

Types of muscles

A

Cardiac: Involuntary muscles only found in the heart

Skeletal/nonstriated: Voluntary and striated muscles attached to skeleton and in turn fastened to other bone, skin, or other muscle. These are moved by the CNS

Smooth: Involuntary, nonstratened that does not attach to bone. These are moved by the ANS

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3
Q

Irritability/Excitability

A

Capacity of a muscle to recive and react to various stimuli

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4
Q

Contractility

A

The ability to contract or shorten and there by excert force

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5
Q

Elasticity

A

Ability to return to return to its original shape after being contracted or streched

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6
Q

Extensibility

A

Ability for muscle to be streched

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7
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Tissue that contracts to produce movement

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8
Q

Connective tissues

A

Form a framework within the body; binding and connecting a wide range of structures in the body providing support

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9
Q

Fascia

A

Connective tissue that organizes muscles into functional groups

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10
Q

Aponeurosis

A

a thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect your muscles to your bones, other muscles, or skin

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11
Q

periosteum

A

Connective tissue membrane that covers the bone and allows the connection of tendons

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12
Q

Superficial fascia

A

Just below the skin covering the entire muscular system

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13
Q

Deep fascia

A

penetrates to the bone, separating muscle groups, covering indivisual muscles, and holding them in position but alowing movement

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14
Q

Epimysium

A

the outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

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15
Q

Perimysium

A

middle layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual bundles of muscle fibers within a muscle

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16
Q

Endomysium

A

center layer of connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers/muscle cell

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17
Q

Myofascial

A

Combination of muscle and fascial tissue

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18
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Cell wall of the muscle cell

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19
Q

Sarcomeres

A

Smallest functional unit of the muscle cell contains the acyin and myosin filaments

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20
Q

Myosin

A

Protein that forms filaments, involved in muscle contraction

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21
Q

Actin

A

a protine in muscle tissue that forms filaments that interact with myosin filaments to cause muscle contration

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22
Q

Sarcomere

A

the basic repeating unit of muscle fibers, responsible for generating force and contraction

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23
Q

Transverse tubules

A

System of channels within the muscle cell containing extracellular fluid that helps transmit nerve impulses throughout the cell

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24
Q

Sarcoplasmic recticulum

A

Network of membranous channels within the muscle cell that releases calcium ions, causing muscle contractions

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25
Neuromuscular junction
connection point of the motor nerve and the muscle cell
26
motor unit
consists of a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it controls
27
Aerobic cellular respiration
makes energy for reconsituting ADP in cell mitochondrion
28
Anaerobic respiration
is a process in which glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen
29
muscle fatigue
condition in which the muscle ceases to respond because oxygen debt from rapid or prolonged muscle contractions
30
Type 1 fibers (postural)
slow twitching fibers with high resistance to fatigue
31
Type 2b (phasic)
fast twitch that fatigue easily, high velocity contractions for short periods
32
fascicles
groups of muscle fibers
33
parallel muscle and types
has muscle fibers that run parallel to the length of the muscle Parallel: Fascicle are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the muscle and taper at either end in a flat tendon Fusiform: Fascicle are nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the muscle, middle wider and ends taper tword the tendon Circular: Fascicle are parallel and form a concentric circle pattern Triangular: Fascicle are parallel and streched over a wide area and conver the central tendon, giving triangle appearence
34
pennate muscle and types
has fibers that are arranged at an angle to the tendon Unipennate: Fascicles are arranged on one sides of the tendon Bipennate: Fascicles are arranged on both sides of the central tendon Multipennate:Central tendon divides into two or more branches with fascicles forming a bipennate arrangement on each of the tendons
35
Origin of a muscle
The point where the end of a muscle is anchored to an immovable section of the skeleton
36
Intersection of a muscle
the point where tendons from different muscle groups cross over each other
37
Isometric contraction
muscle contracts without changing length
38
Isotonic contraction
muscle contracts and changes length
39
eccentric
when muscles lengthen
40
concentric
when muscles shorten
41
Prime mover/agonist
The primary muscle responsible for for a specific movement
42
Antagonist
The muscle that performs the opposite movement of the agonist
43
Synergists
Muscles that assist the agonist
44
Fixator
Muscles that act to stabilize a body part so that another muscle can act on an adjacent limb or body part
45
Anterior
Before, or in front of
46
Posterior
Behind, or in back of
47
Superior
Situated above
48
Inferior
Situated lower
49
Oblique/anguli
At an angle
50
Levator
That which lifts
51
Dorsal
Behind,or in back of
52
Medial
Pertaining to the middle or center
53
Dilator
That which expands or enlarges
54
Depressor
That which presses or draws down
55
Proximal
Nearer to the center or medial lines
56
Distal
Farther from the center or medial lines
57
Spasm
Sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or a group of muscles
58
Tonic spasm
a continuing, involuntary muscle contraction
59
Clonic spasm
involuntary, rhythmic muscle contractions
60
Types of muscle strains
Grade 1:An overstreched of a few of the muscle fibers with minimal tears Grade 2: A 10-50% tear partial tear of muscle fibers Grade 3: A 50-100% sevear tear of muscle fibers

Theory & Practice (30 decks)

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