Chapter 5

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

the buildup and breakdown of nutrients within a cell

Question 2

metabolism chemical reactions provide energy and create substances that

Answer 2

sustain life

Question 3

catabolic pathways

Answer 3

break down macromolecules into simple component parts

Question 4

catabolic pathways release or use ATP?

Answer 4

release

Question 5

anabolic pathways

Answer 5

build up macromolecules by combining simpler moleules

Question 6

anabolic pathways release or use ATP?

Answer 6

use

Question 7

anabolic and catabolic pathways are linked by

Answer 7

energy

Question 8

catabolic reactions provide ________ needed for anabolic reactions

Answer 8

energy

Question 9

although microbial metabolism can cause disease and food spoilage many pathways are

Answer 9

beneficial rather than pathogenic

Question 10

is catabolism exergonic or endergonic

Answer 10

exergonic

Question 11

is anabolism exergonic or endergonic

Answer 11

endergonic

Question 12

metabolic pathways are sequences of

Answer 12

enzymatically catalyzed reactions in a cell

Question 13

metabolic pathways are determined by

Answer 13

enzymes

Question 14

enzymes are encoded

Answer 14

genes

Question 15

how is ATP an intermediate between catabolism and anabolism

Answer 15

because catabolism reactions release the energy needed to undergo anabolism reactions

Question 16

collision theory

Answer 16

chemical reactions occur when atoms, ions and moleules collide

Question 17

activation energy

Answer 17

collision energy required for a chemical reaction to occur

Question 18

reaction rate

Answer 18

frequency of collisions containing enough energy to bring about a reaction

Question 19

reaction rate can be increased by

Answer 19

enzymes, increasing temp, pressure or concetration

Question 20

catalysts

Answer 20

speed up chemical reactions with out being altered

Question 21

enzymes are biological

Answer 21

catalysts

Question 22

enzymes act on a specific ________ and lower the ________ ______

Answer 22

substrate, activation energy

Question 23

substrate contacts the enzymes active site to form an ________ _______ ______
substrate is transformed and rearranged into _______, which are released from the enzyme

Answer 23

enzyme substrate complex, products

Question 24

enzymes are ______ after the chemical reaction

Answer 24

unchanged

Question 25

enzymes have _______ for a particular substrate

Answer 25

specificity

Question 26

___________ _____ is the number of substrate moleules an enzyme converts to product per second

Answer 26

turnover number

Question 27

names of enzymes usually end in ___

Answer 27

ase

Question 28

enzymes are grouped based on the

Answer 28

reaction they catalyze

Question 29

oxidoreductase

Answer 29

oxidation reduction reactions

Question 30

transferase

Answer 30

transfer function groups

Question 31

hydrolase

Answer 31

hydrolysis

Question 32

lyase

Answer 32

removal of atoms without hydrolysis

Question 33

isomerase

Answer 33

rearrangement of atoms

Question 34

ligase

Answer 34

joining of molecules uses ATP

Question 35

some enzymes consist entirely of

Answer 35

proteins

Question 36

most enzymes consist of

Answer 36

apoenzyme and cofactor

Question 37

apoenzyme

Answer 37

protein portion (inactive when alone)

Question 38

apoenzyme must be activated by

Answer 38

cofactor

Question 39

cofactor

Answer 39

nonprotein component

Question 40

if the cofactor is organic then it is known as

Answer 40

coenzyme

Question 41

holoenzyme

Answer 41

apoenzyme plus cofactor (whole active enzyme form)

Question 42

assist enzymes by being electron carriers

Answer 42

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotude phosphate (NADP+) flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) coenzyme A (CoA)

Question 43

many coenzymes are derived from

Answer 43

vitamins

Question 44

2 most important enzyme components

Answer 44

NAD+ and NADP+

Question 45

NAD+ is primarily involved in

Answer 45

catabolic

Question 46

NADP+ is primarily involved in

Answer 46

anabolic

Question 47

NAD+ and NADP+ both contain derivatives of B vitamin ____ and both function as _________ ___

Answer 47

niacin, electron carriers

Question 48

FAD is a derivative of the b vitamin ______ and functions as a _________

Answer 48

riboflavin, electron carrier

Question 49

CoA is a derivative of the b vitamin _______ and this functions as

Answer 49

Pantothenic acid, synthesis and breakdown of fats and is in the Krebs cycle

Question 50

as the temp increases the chemical reactions

Answer 50

increase

Question 51

high temp and extreme pH can

Answer 51

denature proteins

Question 52

if the concentration of substrate is high the enzyme catalyzes at is

Answer 52

maximum rate

Question 53

inhibitors can either be

Answer 53

competitive or noncompetitive

Question 54

competitive inhibitors

Answer 54

fill the active site of an enzyme and compete with the substrate

Question 55

inhibitors can be

Answer 55

reversible or irreversible

Question 56

competitive inhibitors chemical make up is similar to

Answer 56

normal substrate

Question 57

competitive inhibitors go or do not go under reaction?

Answer 57

DO NOT

Question 58

noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 58

interact with another part of the enzyme rather than the active site

Question 59

noncompetitive inhibitors bind with the

Answer 59

allosteric site

Question 60

noncompetitive inhibitors undergo allosteric _______

Answer 60

inhibtion

Question 61

noncompetitive inhibitors indirectly change the shape of the

Answer 61

active site, rendering the enzyme nonfunctional

Question 62

feedback inhibition

Answer 62

end product of a reaction allosterically inhibits enzymes from earlier in the pathway

Question 63

feedback inhibition stops the cell from making more of a substance than it needs and keeps it from wasting

Answer 63

chemical resources

Question 64

ribozymes

Answer 64

RNA that functions as catalysts by binding to substrates and acting upon them

Question 65

ribozymes are or are not used up in the reaction?

Answer 65

not used up

Question 66

ribozymes are frequently used in cells to

Answer 66

cut and splice RNA

Question 67

ribozymes are also involved in

Answer 67

protein synthesis in ribosomes