Chapter 44: Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Species Interactions

Question 1

Interspecific Interactions

Answer 1

interactions between individuals of different species

can affect fitness of individual

Question 2

Interspecific Competition

Answer 2

Both species negatively affected

Question 3

limiting resource

Answer 3

in shortest supply relative to demand

doesn’t have to be food– can be water, space, or sunlight

Question 4

Consumer-resource interactions

Answer 4

organisms gain nutrition by eating other living organisms or are eaten themselves
+/- interactions
includes predation, herbivory, and parasitism

Question 5

predation

Answer 5

an individual of one species (predator) kills and eats individuals of another species(prey)
+/-

Question 6

Herbivory

Answer 6

animal consumes al or part of a plant

+/-

Question 7

Parasitism

Answer 7

a parasitic organism consumes part of a host individual but usually does not kill it
+/-
parasites generally smaller
some considered pathogens

Question 8

mutualism

Answer 8

interaction that benefits both species
;leaf cutter ants and fungi
humans and bifidobacteria in guts

Question 9

Commensalism

Answer 9

One participant benefits, the other unaffected
+/0
hiteching a ride
feeding behavior makes food more accessible for another one
brown-headed cowbird follows cows and eats the insect that are flushed from vegetation bu their hooves and teeth cows are not affected
cows and dung beetles
cows are just leading this commensalism thing

Question 10

Amensalism

Answer 10

one participant is hurt and another is unaffected
-/0
elephant crushing plants and insects
more accidental

Question 11

Intraspecific interactions

Answer 11

interactions among the individuals in a population

Question 12

Intraspecific competition

Answer 12

competition within a species

described by density dependent growth

Question 13

Gause conclusions

Answer 13

presence of a predator reduces population growth rate
when two species coexist, lower equilibirum population densities
competition can cause one species to go extinct

Question 14

Joseph Connell

Answer 14

Barnacles and the intertidal zone guyyy

Question 15

rarity advantage

Answer 15

for species to coexist, infraspecific competition must be stronger than interspecfic
species gains growth advantage when it as at a low density and competitor is at high density

Question 16

Resource partitioning

Answer 16

differences in competing species in resource use

causes intra to be stronger than inter

Question 17

invasive species

Answer 17

introduced

reproduce rapidly + spread widely