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AP Biology > Chapter 43: Populations > Flashcards

Chapter 43: Populations Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

population

A

individuals in a species that interact with one another within a given area at a particular time

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2
Q

Population density

A

a measure of abundance
number of individuals per unit of area or volume
usually first measure of abundance taken

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3
Q

population size

A

total number of individuals in a population
a measure of abundance
counting only practical for teeny populations

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4
Q

Geographic range

A

the region where species are found

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5
Q

Habitats

A

the particular kinds of environments where species can live

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6
Q

habitat patches

A

islands of suitable habitat separated by unsuitable habitat

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7
Q

BD model

A

N sub t + 1 = N sub t + B - D

n is population b is births from t to t+ 1, d = deaths in that time

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8
Q

growth rate

A

rate of change of a population

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9
Q

cohort

A

sample of individuals that scientists can keep track of over time

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10
Q

per capita birth rate

A

the number of offspring that the average individual produces

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11
Q

per capita death rate

A

the average individual’s chance of dying

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12
Q

per capita growth rate

A

b-d
where b is the per capita birth rate and d is the per capita death rate
represented by r

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13
Q

life history

A

the time course of growth and development, reproduction, and death during an average individual’s life

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14
Q

life table

A

quantitative summary/ description of the life cycle and life sycle transitions of a species

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15
Q

survivorship

A

the fraction of individuals who survive from birth to different stages

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16
Q

fecundity

A

the average number of offspring an individual produces at each age/stage if they do survive

17
Q

Life expectancy

A

the age to which an average person survives

18
Q

Resources

A

material, energy, and the time available to acquire them

can be used up

19
Q

Physical conditions

A

organisms need physical conditions that they can tolerate

not consumed

20
Q

principle of allocation

A

once an organism has acquired a unit of a resource, it can be used only for one function at a time
first priority is to maintain homeostasis

21
Q

life-history tradeoffs

A

negative relationships among growth, reproduction, and survival
invest in growth early, cant invest in defense
invest in reproduction at the expense of longevity

22
Q

Multipilicative growth

A

populations exhibit this

grow by constant multiples

23
Q

Additive growth

A

grow by constant numbers

24
Q

Doubling time

A

constant in multiplicative growth when the population added equals exactly the inital population

25
Q

logistic growth

A

curves out with carrying capacity

26
Q

density dependent

A

r is density dependent, changes as pop becomes more crowded

27
Q

equilibirum

A

r=0

population stops changing size and = K, or carrying capacity

28
Q

subpopulation

A

make up a population

linked by dispersal of individuals among patches

29
Q

metapopulation

A

larger, regional population

30
Q

BIDE model

A

the number of individuals in a population at some point in the future = the number now + the number that are born + the number that immigrate - the number that die - the number that emigrate

31
Q

Neutralism

A

neither animal affected/neutral interaction
0 for both
wolves and lichen
so connected so this may not actually occur

32
Q

Amensalism

A

one organism not affected, another negatively affected
fungus- penicillium
produces toxin that kills bacteria
bacteria hurt, fungus doesn’t even know that it is there

33
Q

Commensalism

A

One animal positively affected, one not affected
golden jackal follow tigers around and get scraps
tiger not affected

34
Q

Competition

A

Both animals negatively affected

lion and cheetah— same prey

35
Q

Mutualism

A

both benefit
pollination
insects and flowers both benefit
food and dispersion of pollen

36
Q

Predation or Parasitism

A

One animal benefits, another harms
Preying Mantis eating bumblebee
cowbird egg- lay its egg in another bird’s nest
grasshopper mind control

37
Q

invasive species

A

kudzu
kudzu stink bug that feeds on kudzu
humans need to be careful

AP Biology (22 decks)

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