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AP Biology > Chapter 30: Animal Hormones > Flashcards

Chapter 30: Animal Hormones Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Target cell

A

the cell that signals travel to

have receptor proteins that recognize and bind to a signal even at low concentrations

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2
Q

Endocrine system

A

cells that produce and release hormones

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3
Q

Endocrine secretion

A

the secretion of substances into the extracellular fluid

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4
Q

Exocrine secretion

A

Secretion of substances into the outside world OR an internal body cavity

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5
Q

Is sweating endocrine or exocrine secretion?

A

exocrine secretion

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6
Q

Is the release of enzymes into the digestive tract endocrine or exocrine secretion?

A

exocrine secretion

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7
Q

Endocrine cells

A

cells that secrete endocrine signals
some are in larger organs on their lonesome [like in the digestive tract]
other hand out together to form organs

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8
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secretory organs

Like the thyroid

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9
Q

Hormones

A

Long distance endocrine signals

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10
Q

Peptide and Protein hormones

A

relatively large
water soluble
easily transported in the blood
packaged in vesicles and released by exocytosis
Receptors for them MUST be on the exterior of the cell [because of polarity]
Biggest group of hormones

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11
Q

Steroid Hormones

A 
Made from cholesterol 
Four interlinked rings 
Lipid-soluble 
Pass through the membrane of cells 
Don't dissolve well in blood, so they generally are carried by (guess what?) carrier proteins
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12
Q

Amine Hormones

A

Small molecules
from single amino acids
Polarity of amino acid determines whether or not the amino acid is soluble

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13
Q

Do sponges have nervous systems?

A

no, but they have intercellular communication

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14
Q

What controls molting??

A

Hormones [JH]

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15
Q

Instars

A

the growth stages between molts

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16
Q

What triggers a molt?

A

A blood meal

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17
Q

True or falseL Rhodinus survive for more than a week without its head

A

true `

18
Q

True or false Rhodinus molts if decapitated an hour after its blood meal

A

false, one week

19
Q

PTTH

A

protothoraciotropic hormone
controls molting in arthropods
produced by the brain

20
Q

JH

A

juvenile hormone
determines the outcome of molting
in high concentrations, the bug becomes large juvenile after a molt
in low concentrations, the bug becomes an adult

21
Q

complete metamorphosis

A

Dramatic Developmental change

22
Q

Larva

A

what a fertilized egg hatches into

23
Q

Pupation

A

the stage the larva enters after some number of molts

24
Q

Pupa

A

major body reorganization

emerges as adult

25
Q

What happens if a cell does not have a receptor for a particular protein?

A

It will not be affected by it

26
Q

binding domain

A

part of peptide receptor

projects outside the plasma membrane

27
Q

transmembrane domain

A

anchors receptor in protein

28
Q

Cytoplasmic domain

A

initiates target cell response

29
Q

fight-or-flight response

A

controlled by amine protein epinephrine

physiological response to stressful situations

30
Q

adrenal glands

A

right above your kidneys

secrete epinephrine and norephinephrine

31
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A 
five different types 
G-protein linked receptors 
Two basic categories 
a-adrenergic
and 
b-adrenergic
32
Q

b-adrenergic receptor

A

cause a faster and stronger heartbeat
skeletal muscles dilate for RUNNING
fat breakdown in liver energy

33
Q

a-adrenergic receptors

A

cause blood vessels in the skin to constrict
causes pallor and cold hands and feet
shut down receptors in digestive system and decrease blood flow there

34
Q

downregulation

A

Continuous high concentration of a hormone decreases the number of receptors in the target cell’s cytoplasm
makes cells less sensitive
Ex. Type two diabetes

35
Q

Upregulation

A

hormone is chronically low
make more receptors
ex. regular dose of beta blockers and go off medication, increase anxiety and bp

36
Q

Neurohormones

A

hormones secreted by neurons

37
Q

Pituitary

A

endocrine gland that serves as an intermediary between the nervous and endocrine systems
involved in the hormonal control of many physiological processes

38
Q

anterior pituitary

A

releases four tropic hormones
makes and secretes its own hormones
but under control of hypothalamus

39
Q

posterior pituitary

A

neurohormones released like ADH and oxytocin

40
Q

tropic hormones

A

in control of endocrine glands

41
Q

GH

A

acts on a wide variety of tissues to promote growth

42
Q

portal blood vessels

A

begin in capillaries

AP Biology (22 decks)

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