Chapter 4: Food and Nutrition Research

Question 1

Science is from the Latin word “scientia,” meaning?

Answer 1

Knowledge

Question 2

A systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

Answer 2

Science

Question 3

The pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world.

Answer 3

Science

Question 4

Is the “tool” that scientists or researchers use to find answers to questions

Answer 4

Scientific Methods

Question 5

It is the process of thinking through the possible solutions to a problem and testing each possibility to find the best solution.

Answer 5

Scientific Methods

Question 6

The careful, diligent, and exhaustive investigation of a specific subject matter, having as its aim in the advancement of mankind’s knowledge.

Answer 6

Research

Question 7

Development of theories by discovering broad generalizations or principles

Answer 7

Fundamental or Pure Research

Question 8

Improving a product or a process - testing theoretical concepts in actual problem situation

Answer 8

Applied Research

Question 9

Improve practices and improve those who try improve practices; it is focused on the immediate application, not on the development of theory and on the application

Answer 9

Action Research

Question 10

Describe “what was”

It investigates, records, analyze, and interprets events from the past.

Purpose: discover generalizations to understand the present

Answer 10

Historical Research

Question 11

Describe “what is”

It describes, analyze, and interprets the conditions that now exist

Answer 11

Descriptive Research

Question 12

Describes “what will be”

When certain variable are carefully controlled or manipulated

Answer 12

Experimental Research

Question 13

Implemented at national level

Answer 13

Upstream

Question 14

Production of new materials based on gained knowledge for regional SCUs

Answer 14

Midstream

Question 15

Technology dissemination/demonstration at provincial level

Answer 15

Downstream

Question 16

Investigation aims to assess a pre-stated theory (Deductive reasoning)

Often involves hypothesis testing

Minimizes the influence of the researcher on the outcome

Infers statistics

Data collection: closed responses

Answer 16

Quantitative Research

Question 17

Investigation aims to create a novel theory (Inductive reasoning)

Researcher becomes a part of the study (ethnography)

Infers complex statements or opinions

Data collection: open responses

Answer 17

Qualitative Research

Question 18

How should we be attempting to assess knowledge?

Answer 18

Epistemology

Question 19

-How do people know what exists?
-Methods figuring out what is true
-How knowledge is created
-True and Justified

Answer 19

Epistemology

Question 20

Explains a phenomena

Answer 20

Positivism

Question 21

Understands a phenomena

Answer 21

Interpretivism

Question 22

Does the data exist in a tangible or an intangible form?

Answer 22

Ontology

Question 23

-What exists?
-What is true or real?
-What exists for people to know?

Answer 23

Ontology

Question 24

Explain independent external outcomes

Answer 24

Objectivism

Question 25

Understand how social factors interact

Answer 25

Constructionism

Question 26

Analyzing and describing a complex phenomenon into simpler terms.

Answer 26

Reductionism

Question 27

An objective, accurate, systematic analysis of a determinate body of empirical data, in order to discover recurring relationships among phenomena

Answer 27

Research Design

Question 28

A technique for collecting data. Choice of research method reflects decisions about the type of instruments or techniques to be used.

Answer 28

Research Method

Question 29

Studies the effect of the physical and chemical qualities of food on the totality of nutrient intake and promotion of well-being Understands the impacts of various diets and related nutritional interventions underpinning health

Answer 29

Food and Nutrition Research

Question 30

The assessment of diet and its relationship to disease etiology in populations. The study of determinants of disease

Answer 30

Nutritional Epidemiology

Question 31

Provides a bird's eye-view of the proposed study. Discusses what you intent to do after establishing the need to provide bridges between what may be already known in the field, and what needs to be known.

Answer 31

Research process

Question 32

A structured plan for a research cycle designed to investigate a specific phenomenon. Submitted before the actual conduct of a study.

Answer 32

Research Proposal